Pathology’s Flashcards
Abnormal joining together by collagen of two structures
Adhesion
Soft tissue ailments usually associated with a rear-impact auto accident
Cervical Acceleration Deceleration (CAD)
a.k.a. Whiplash
Often associated with fibromyalgia; generalized fatigue
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Often associated with a cycle of ischemia-necrosis pain, leading to continued contractions that produce further ischemia trigger points are common
Chronic Myofascial Pain (MPS)
Muscle tissue chronically shortened & resistant to passive stretching; as muscle or group of muscles shrinks the connective tissue thickens
Contracture
Torticollis : Wry Neck
Painful, spasmodic, involuntary , sustained muscular contraction
Cramp
Persistent or intermittent muscle contractions causing abnormal, often repetitive, movements, postures, or both; movements are usually patterned and twisting, and may resemble a tremor; often initiated or worsened by voluntary movements; symptoms may “overflow” into adjacent muscles; causes varying degrees of disability and pain, from mild to severe.
Dystonia
Symptoms of diffuse chronic (3 months minimum) pain & fatigue, sleep disturbances, coldness of extremities, headaches, global anxiety, irritable bowel, & presence of at least 11 “ tender points”
Fibromyalgia
A “hole” through which constrained contents are escaping Ex. epigastric, paraumbilical, femoral, inguinal
Hernia
Chronic inflammatory disease of the connective tissue that can affect many body tissues & organs; causes blood vessel inflammation (especially in the face), organ dysfunction, and arthritis
Lupus Erythematosus
Inflammation (myositis) due to microbes or underlying autoimmune disease
Ex. muscle aching of influenza
Muscle Infection
Group of genetic disorders characterized by atrophy of skeletal muscle; some forms are fatal; Muscle tissue is replaced with fat and other connective tissues until those muscles become useless
Muscular Dystrophy
FYI Most Common form: Duchenne MD
Chronic disease characterized by muscle weakness that begins in muscle region & spreads to other skeletal muscles; death results from respiratory failure
Myasthenia Gravis
Most common type of muscular dysfunction ; a sudden involuntary contraction of a muscle or a group of muscles.
Spasms
Injury to the muscle or tendon
First Degree: mild; usually no palpable defects; mild pain at time of injury; tenderness & swelling increase after injury; normal function not compromised
Second Degree : moderate ; significant pain; some edema & muscle splinting ; function compromised
Third Degree: severe ; lesion or tear can be palpated; very painful; unstable; edema; function significantly altered; snap often noted
Strains “torn” or “ pulled muscles or tendon
First Degree 0-10 %
Tear Second Degree 10-50 %
Tear Third Degree 50-100 %
Inflammation of the tendon &/or tendon-muscle junction; symptoms similar to muscle strains
Tendonitis
Degenerative condition of a tendon that does NOT involve any inflammation; characterized by a degeneration of the collagen fibers in a tendon , tendon weakness , and abnormal growth of unhealthy blood vessels through the tendon
Tendonosis (also spelled tendinosis )
Inflammation of the tendon’s synovial sheath
Tenosynovitis
Chronic, systemic, inflammatory condition leading to calcification & fusion of spinal joints (often hip & low back); tissues of eyes, lungs, kidneys & heart may be affected; a progressive inflammatory arthritis
Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS)
a.k.a. Rheumatoid Spondylitis
List Types of Arthritis
- Gout
- Lyme Disease
- Osteoarthritis
- Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Ankylosing Spondylitis
Septic arthritis due to bacterial infection inside joint capsule (gonorrhea or staph) & can be a complication of rheumatoid arthritis or lupus; sometimes due to dirty needle
Arthritis
Impeded blood supply to bone results in bone tissue & blood vessels disintegrating & never fully replaced; the resulting weakness may lead to fractures, arthritis & joint collapse
Avascular Osteonecrosis (AVN)
Inflammation of the bursa (a fluid-filled sack that acts as a cushion between bones )
Bursitis
Symptoms related to compression of median nerve at carpal ligament; involves numbness paresthesia , & weakness in palmar aspect of thumb, 2nd, 3rd, & radial aspect of 4th digits
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Deterioration of articular cartilage on posterior patella; symptoms include pain & crepitus with forceful extension of the knee
Chondromalacia Patella
Neurovascular bundle (brachial plexus, & or axillary artery & or subclavian vein) is compromised (entrapped) via scalenus anticus syndrome, cervical rib syndrome , & shoulder girdle syndrome ; pain & paresthesia in hand, neck, shoulder or arms
Thoracic Outlet Compression Syndromes
A type of contracture with lateral flexion & rotation that may involve SCM , scalenes, or upper trapezius
Torticollis
