Common Disorders of the Cardiovascular & Lymphatic Systems Flashcards
Inability of red blood cells to deliver enough oxygen to tissues producing symptoms of fatigue
Anemia
Weakening & widening of an artery wall; Tendency to rupture & form clots; often occur in aorta or arteries of the brain
Aneurysm
Transient chest pain during exertion caused by ischemic cardiac muscle; The amount of oxygen supplied to the heart declines
Angina Pectoris
Abnormal heart rate; irregular heart rhythm
Bradycardia – slow heart rate, <60 BPM
Tachycardia – fast heart rate, >100 BPM
Arrhythmia
Hardening of the arteries; can lead to coronary artery disease
Arteriosclerosis
Most common type of arteriosclerosis when deposits from cholesterol in the blood build up at stress points (where arteries branch) in the arteries
Atherosclerosis
Failure of the left side of the heart to pump effectively, resulting in congestion in the systemic & pulmonary circulatory systems
Congestive Heart Failure
Blood clot (thrombus), plaque, air or gas, fat, tumor cells, tissue, or clumps of bacteria in the bloodstream
Embolus
Abnormal heart sounds (clicking or swishing) caused by disorders of the valves (leaky valve)
Heart Murmurs
Inability to form blood clots to control bleeding
Hemophilia
Sustained elevation of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (>140/90)
Asymptomatic until complications (heart failure, atherosclerosis, stroke, and retinal & kidney disease) develop
Heart can become enlarged due to the increased work
Hypertension
a.k.a. High Blood Pressure
Death of cardiac muscle cells from ischemia (infarct – dead tissue) with crushing pain
Myocardial Infarction
a.k.a. Heart Attack
Affects the blood supply to the fingers and toes and occasionally to the nose.
Temporary spasms in the small arteries reduce or stop blood flow to the area, and the skin turns pale and then blue. Also aggravated by emotional disturbances.
Raynaud Disease
a.k.a. Raynaud phenomenon, “white finger disease”
Cardiac damage from inflammatory response to a bacterial infection
Rheumatic Heart Disease
Blood vessels dilate rapidly and blood pressure drops
Shock
Shock due to loss of blood or other fluids
Hypovolemic shock
Shock due to bacterial infection
Septic shock (aka toxic shock syndrome)
Shock due to an overreaction of the immune system due to an allergy
Anaphylactic shock
Premature destruction of red blood cells resulting in the sickle shape causing them to not flow smoothly and clot
Genetic
Sickle Cell Disease
A clot in a vein with inflammation
Thrombophlebitis
Clotting in an unbroken vessel
Deep Vein Thrombosis (usually occurs in abdomen or legs)
Embolus: if it breaks loose
Thrombosis
Weakening & widening of vein wall due to backward pressure of blood when valves weaken, with a tendency for clots; abnormal & irregular dilations in superficial veins, particularly in lower legs; varicose veins in the rectum are called hemorrhoids (a.k.a. piles)
Varicose Veins
a.k.a. Varicosity
Hypersensitivity to normally harmless environmental substances with formation of an antigen that can lead to an inflammatory response
Allergy
Presence of abnormally large amounts of fluid in the interstitial tissue spaces
Edema
Inflammation of the liver; Excessive alcohol consumption can lead to fibrosis or cirrhosis
Hepatitis
Oncogenic & lymphotropic (see below in related topics); virus replicates in T-cells and macrophages
HIV/AIDS
Uncontrolled production of abnormal WBCs; these cells accumulate in the bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen, & liver to that these organs do not function properly
Leukemia
Indentations that remain for a time after pressure is released
Pitting Edema
no oxygen
Anoxia
leading cause of death in U.S. (40%)
Don’ts – Smoke, Use Stimulants, Abuse Alcohol, Be More Than 20% Over Your Ideal Body Weight Do’s – Eat Healthy (especially foods rich in antioxidant vitamins A, E & C), Exercise, & Have Proper Dental Care (periodontal disease can lead to atherosclerosis)
Cardiovascular Disease
vomiting blood
Hematemesis
blood in urine
Hematuria
passage of blood outside cardiovascular system
Hemorrhage
oxygen deficiency
Hypoxia
temporary lack of blood flow
Ischemia
high WBC count (>10,000 per cubic millimeter); certain illness will cause this (ex. appendicitis & bacterial infections)
Leukocytosis
low WBC count (<5,000 per cubic millimeter); certain viruses will cause this (ex. Influenza, measles, & mumps)
Leukopenia
having an affinity for lymphocytes
Lymphotropic
tissue death
Necrosis
blocking or closing of a blood vessel or hollow organ
Occlusion
causes transient chest & arm pain of angina pectoris
Partial occlusion
crushing or squeezing pain of myocardial infarction & tissue death
Total occlusion
a gene that causes a host cell to become cancerous
Oncogenic
a disorder in which an excessive number of RBCs makes the blood so thick that it is unable to flow properly & there is an increased risk of clot formation
Polycythemia
decrease in platelets
Thrombocytopenia
narrowing
Stenosis
thickness
Viscosity
inflammation of endocardium, heart valves, or both
Endocarditis
inflammation of the heart muscle
Myocarditis
inflammation of the pericardium
Pericarditis
inflammation of a vein
Phlebitis
blood clot in a vein with inflammation
Thrombophlebitis
slow heartbeat
Bradycardia
fast heartbeat
Tachycardia
upper blood pressure number
Systolic/ Systole
lower blood pressure number
Diastolic/ Diastole
increases urine output
Diuretic
induces vomiting
Emetic
