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Med term > Pathology of the Skeletal System > Flashcards

Pathology of the Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Ankylosis

A

The loss or absence of mobility in a joint due to disease, injury, or a surgical procedure (ankyl means crooked, bent, or stiff)

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2
Q

Adhesive capsulitis

A

Also known as frozen shoulder, is painful ankylosis of the shoulder. It is caused by adhesions surrounding the shoulder, making the joint become thicker and tighter

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3
Q

Arthrosclerosis

A

Stiffness of the joints, especially in the elderly

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4
Q

Baker’s cyst/popliteal cyst

A

A fluid-filled sac behind the knee. This usually results from a condition such as rheumatoid arthritis triggering the production of excess synovial fluid. The condition is named for British surgeon William Baker.

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5
Q

Bursitis

A

An inflammation of a bursa

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6
Q

Costochondritis

A

An inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the sternum

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7
Q

Hallux valgus/bunion

A

An abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe.

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8
Q

Hemathrosis

A

Blood within a joint. This condition is frequently due to a joint injury. It also can occur spontaneously in patients taking blood-thinning medications or those having a blood clotting disorder such as hemophilia.

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9
Q

Polymyalgia rheumatica

A

An inflammatory disorder of the muscles and joints characterized by pain and stiffness in the neck, shoulders, upper arms, and hips and thighs.

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10
Q

Sprain

A

Occurs when a ligament that connects bones to a joint is wrenched or torn

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11
Q

Synovitis

A

Inflammation of the synovial membrane that results in swelling and pain of the affected joint. This condition can be caused by arthritis, trauma, infection, or irritation produced by damaged cartilage.

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12
Q

Dislocation/luxation

A

Total displacement of a bone from its joint

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13
Q

Subluxation

A

Partial displacement of a bone from its joint

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14
Q

Arthritis

A

An inflammatory condition of one or more joints. There are more than 100 types of arthritis with many different causes.

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15
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

“Wear and tear arthritis”, is most commonly associated with aging. It is a degenerative joint disease that results in the formation of osteophytes (bone spurs).

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16
Q

Spondylosis

A

Also known as “spinal osteoarthritis”; a degenerative disorder that can cause the loss of normal spine structure and funciton.

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17
Q

Gout

A

Also known as “gouty arthritis”; a type of arthritis characterized by deposits of uric acid crystals in the joints, usually beginning with the big toe. Joints affected by gout are typically warm, red, and excruciatingly sensitive.

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18
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

A

A chronic autoimmune disorder in which the joints and some organs of other body systems are attacked. As RA progressively attacks the synovial membranes, they become inflamed and thickened so that the joints are increasingly swollen, painful, and immobile.

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19
Q

Anklyosing spondylitis

A

A form of RA that primarily causes inflammation of the joints between the vertebrae.

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20
Q

Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis

A

An autoimmune disorder that affects people 16 and under, with symptoms that include stiffness, pain, joint swelling, skin rash, fever, slowed growth, and fatigue. Many children with JRA outgrow it.

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21
Q

Herniated disk

A

Also known as a “slipped” or “ruptured” disk, is the breaking apart of an intervertebral disk that results in pressure on spinal nerve roots

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22
Q

Lumbago

A

“Low back pain”; pain in the lumbar region of the spine

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23
Q

Spondylolisthesis

A

The forward slipping movement of the body of one of the lower lumbar vertebrae on the vertebra or sacrum below it

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24
Q

Spina bifida

A

A congenital defect that occurs during early pregnancy when the spinal canal fails to close completely around the spinal cord to protect it. Some cases of spina bifida are due to a lack of the nutrient folic acid during the early stages of pregnancy.

25
Q

Kyphosis

A

“Dowager’s hump”, or “humpback”; an abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine as viewed from the side

26
Q

Lordosis

A

“Swayback”; an abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine (lord means bent backward)

27
Q

Scoliosis

A

An abnormal lateral (sideways) curvature of the spine (scoli means curved)

28
Q

Avascular necrosis/osteonecrosis

A

Area of bone tissue death caused by lack of blood flow.t most commonly occurs in the hip joint, and often requires a hip replacement.

29
Q

Craniostenosis

A

A malformation of the skull due to the premature closure of the cranial sutures

30
Q

Osteitis/ostitis

A

An inflammation of a bone

31
Q

Osteomalacia

A

“Adult rickets”; abnormal softening of the bones in adults. This condition is usually caused by a deficiency of vitamin D, calcium, and/or phosphate

32
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

An inflammation of the bone marrow and adjacent bone. The bacterial infection that causes osteomyelitis often originates in another part of the body and spreads to the bone via the blood.

33
Q

Paget’s disease

A

A chronic bone disease of unknown cause named for Sir James Paget. The condition is characterized by the abnormal breakdown of bone, usually in the pelvis, skull, spine and legs, followed by abnormal bone formation. The new bone is often structurally enlarged, misshapen and weak.

34
Q

Periostitis

A

An inflammation of the periosteum. This condition is often associated with shin splints

35
Q

Rickets

A

A deficiency disease occurring in children, that results in defective bone growth because of a lack of vitamin D for the body to maintain calcium and phosphorus levels in the bones

36
Q

Short stature/dwarfism

A

A condition resulting from the failure of the bones of the limbs to grow to an appropriate length compared to the size of the head and trunk. More than 200 different conditions can cause short stature, which is defined as an average adult height of no more than 4 feet 10 inches. Some adults of short stature prefer to be referred to as little people.

37
Q

Talipes/clubfoot

A

Any congenital deformity of the foot involving the talus (ankle bones)

38
Q

Primary bone cancer

A

A relatively rare malignant tumor that occurs in the bone. The primary age for development is 10-20

39
Q

Secondary bone cancer

A

Tumors that have metastasized (spread) from other organs of the body like the breasts or lungs

40
Q

Myeloma

A

A type of cancer that occurs in the blood making cells found in the red bone marrow. This condition can cause pathologic fractures and can be fatal.

41
Q

Osteochondroma/extosis

A

A benign bony projection (tumor) covered with cartilage

42
Q

Osteoporosis

A

A marked loss of bone density and an increase in bone porosity that is frequently associated with aging

43
Q

Osteopenia

A

A thinner than average bone density. This term is used to describe the condition of someone who does not yet have osteoporosis but has a greater-than-average chance of developing it. Risk factors for osteopenia include aging, smoking, drinking, and a lack of calcium in the diet. Young females who do not consume enough calories may also develop the condition.

44
Q

Compression fracture/vertebral crush fracture

A

Occurs when the bone is pressed in on itself. These fractures are sometimes caused by the spontaneous collapse of weakened vertebrae or can be due to an injury. This results in pain, loss of height, and development of the spinal curvature known as dowager’s hump.

45
Q

Colles’s fracture/fractured wrist

A

Occurs at the lower end of the radius when someone tries to stop a fall and lands on their hands. It is caused by the weakening of bones because of osteoperosis.

46
Q

Osteoporotic hip fracture/broken hip

A

Usually caused by weakening of the bones due to osteoporosis and can occur either spontaneously or as the result of a fall. Complications from these fractures can result in the loss of function, mobility, and independence, or death.

47
Q

Closed fracture/complete fracture/simple fracture

A

The bone is broken, but there is no open wound in the skin.

48
Q

Open fracture/compound fracture

A

The bone broken and there is an open wound in the skin.

49
Q

Comminuted fracture

A

The bone is splintered or crushed (comminuted means crushed into small pieces).

50
Q

Greenstick fracture/incomplete fracture

A

The bone is bent and only partially broken. It most commonly occurs in children.

51
Q

Oblique fracture

A

Occurs at an angle across the bone

52
Q

Pathologic fracture

A

A weakened bone breaks under normal strain. It is weakened due to a disease.

53
Q

Spiral fracture

A

The bone is twisted apart. This type of fracture occurs after a severe twisting motion, like a sports injury.

54
Q

Stress fracture

A

A small crack in the bone that develops from chronic, excessive impact.

55
Q

Transverse fracture

A

Occurs straight across the bone

56
Q

Fat embolus

A

Can form when a long bone is broken and the fat from yellow bone marrow enters the bloodstream (an embolus is any foreign matter circulating in the blood that can cause a blockage).

57
Q

Crepitation/crepitus

A

The grating sound when the ends of a broken bone move together. It can also describe the popping/clicking in joints.

58
Q

Callus

A

A bulging deposit around the site of a break that eventually hardens into bone.

Med term (12 decks)

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