Pathology of the Eye

Question 1

What are the risk factors for cataracts?

Answer 1

• age
• diabetes
• trauma
• inflammation
• steroid use
• UV/radiation
• congenital

Question 2

What are the risk factors for corneal ulcers?

Answer 2

• contact lenses
• varicella/herpes
• steroid drop use
• dry eyes/exposure
• trauma/burns

Question 3

What characterises diabetic retinopathy?

Answer 3

• growth of new vessels
• vitreous haemorrhage
• aneurysm
• leakage of fluid from damaged vessels (hard exudate)

Question 4

What is the treatment of diabetic retinopathy?

Answer 4

• lifestyle (smoking/weight/exercise)
• blood sugar/pressure/cholesterol control
• support renal function
• laser, anti-VEGF, surgery

Question 5

Describe the signs of retinopathy of prematurity

Answer 5

• white pupils (leukocoria)
• nystagmus
• crossed eyes
• severe myopia
• retinal detachment

Question 6

What are the symptoms and treatment of age-related macular degeneration?

Answer 6

• progressive reduction in central visual acuity
• metamorphopsia (disortion in size and shape of objects)

treatment: prevention, rehabilitation, anti-VEGF injections