Pathology of the endocrine system Flashcards
What is MEN
Multiple endocrine neoplasia
What is the definition of MEN
-Several distinct syndromes featuring 2 or more tumour types of the endocrine organs. -Inherited -Genetic mutation or causative reason -Tumours may be benign or malignant
MEN 1 also known as
WERMERs syndrome
Pathology of MEN 1
Tumour suppressor gene mutation Defect in Menin synthesis which is involved in regulation cell growth Aetiology: -Parathyroid hyperplasia/adenoma -Pancreatic/duodenal endocrine tumour -Pituitary adenoma
Pathology of MEN 2
RET proto-oncogene mutation RET is involved in the production of a protein which is involved in cell signalling Aetiology: -Pheaochromocytoma -Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid MEN2A- Sipple syndrome Parathyroid hyperplasia MEN2B Neuroma of the skin/mucous membrane Skeletal abnormalities In younger patients More aggressive
Phaeochromocytoma
- Granular cytoplasm containing catecholamines
- Nests “Zallballen” of polygonal cells in vascular network
what types of cells are shown here?
Cells of the Anterior pituitary
- Pink ACIDOPHILS: secrete GH and PRL
- Dark purple BASOPHILS: secrete ACTH, TSH , FSH, LH
- Pale Chromophobs
what type of tumour is this?
Medullary thyroid carcinoma
what type of tumour is this?
Differentiate follicular thyroid carcinoma
What type of tumour is this?
Differentiated thyroid papillary carcinoma
Papillary projections of follicular cells, empty nuclei, Psammomma bodies (calcifications)
What mutations are associated with a thyroid papillary carcinoma
BRAF mutation
RET/PTC gene translocation
What mutations are associated with a thyroid follicular carcinoma
PAX8/PPARG translocation
RAS mutation
