Diabetes type 2

Question 1

Type 2 diabetes genetic aetiology

Answer 1

Combination of

• Reduced sensitivity of tissue to insulin (INSULIN RESISTANCE)
• Inability to secrete sufficient amounts of insulin

I.e. inability of to meet insulin demands of the body

Question 2

Type 2 diabetes environmental aetiology

Answer 2

Expanded Upper body visceral fat= central adiposity

• Increased consumption of food
• lack of exercise

Question 3

Explain the genetic aetiology behind type 2 diabetes

Answer 3

• Many different genes involved in the production of insulin

* So for diabetes to present it must be HIGH END INSULIN SECRETING B CELLS WHICH ARE INVOLVED

Question 4

Explain the environmental aetiology of diabetes type 2

Answer 4

increase in free fatty acids in the blood as adipocytes are overstressed and release fatty acids
• Increase fatty acids in the blood causes decreased insulin receptor sensitivity to insulin= insulin resistance
• Inefficient insulin receptors causes reduced intake of glucose into the cells
• So more insulin required
• More insulin needs to be secreted by the pancreatic cells
• This leads to hyperinsulinaemia

Question 5

Oddities surrounding diabetes type 2

Answer 5

• There are oddities e.g. a slim person who puts on a small amount of weight
• 5.4% annual mortality
• MI main cause of death
• Reduces life expectancy by 5-10 years

Question 6

Heriditary risk in diabetes type 2

• mother
• father
• sibiling
• identical twin
• unidentical twin
• both parents

Answer 6

• Identical twin 90-100% risk
• One parent 15%
• Both parents 75%
• Sibling 10%
• Non-identical twin 10%

Question 7

symptoms

Answer 7

• Can be asymptomatic
• Thirst
• Tired
• Toilet
• Blurred vision
• Weight loss

Question 8

On examination in diabetes type 2

Answer 8

• No ketotic breath
• usually overweight
• Minor infections e.g. thrush
• Could present with microvascular/ macrovascular complications

Question 9

Risk factors

Answer 9

2 of:

• overweight
• FH
• over 30 if maori/ Asian/ from south pacific
• Over 40 if European
• previous history of diabetes in pregnancy (gestational pregnancy)
• Inactive lifestyle
• previous high glucose