Formative Questions Flashcards
A patient with Hypothyroidism would demonstrate which of the following symptoms:
- Exopthalmus
- Increased Heart Rate
- Heat Tolerance
- Increased Protein Catabolism
- Lethargy
- Lethargy
Goitre is a common symptom of thyroid dysfunction and can present in both hypo- and hyper-thyroidism. However it would not be present in which of the following thyroid pathologies?
- Primary Hypothyroidism
- Secondary Hypothyroidism
- Primary Hyperthyroidism
- Secondary Hyperthyroidism
- Grave’s Disease
- Secondary Hypothyroidism
A decrease in circulating cortisol levels would result in which of the following physiological responses:
- Enhanced gluconeogenesis in the liver
- Hypotension
- Decreased ACTH secretion from the anterior pituitary
- Elevated fatty acid levels in the plasma
- Suppression of the immune system
- Hypotension
A person with primary hypercortisolism would demonstrate:
- Depressed ACTH
- Elevated CRH
- Hypotension
- Hypoglycaemia
- Increased Bone Density
- Depressed ACTH
Chronic glucocorticoid therapy is associated with which of the following:
- Enhanced cortisol release from the adrenal glands
- Enhanced ACTH release from the anterior pituitary
- Enhanced CRH release from the hypothalamus
- Adrenal insufficiency
- Adrenal hypertrophy
- Adrenal insufficiency
Which of the following will elevate free calcium levels in plasma?
- Alkalosis
- Activation of osteoblasts
- Increased phosphate excretion at the kidney
- Calcitonin
- All of the above
- Increased phosphate excretion at the kidney
Regarding GH which of the following is correct?
- It is also known as somatostatin
- It is also known as somatomedian
- It is a steroid hormone
- Levels in adults are at their highest during REM sleep
- It is relatively insignificant in terms of foetal and neonatal growth
- It is relatively insignificant in terms of foetal and neonatal growth
The adrenal zona glomerulosa secreted which hormone:
- Testosterone
- Progesterone
- Aldosterone
- Cortisol
- Epinephrine/Adrenaline
- Aldosterone
Which of the following responses would you expect following insulin release:
- Hepatic gluconeogenesis
- Increased ketone formation
- Increased uptake of glucose by the brain
- Adipose lipolysis
- Stimulation of Na+/K+ ATPase
- Stimulation of Na+/K+ ATPase
Which of the following is not a Glucose Counter Regulatory Hormone:
- Thyroid Hormone
- Epinephrine (Adrenaline)
- Glucagon
- Cortisol
- Growth Hormone
- Thyroid Hormone
A 21 y/o man is diagnosed with T1DM. He is studying engineering at university and has a part-time as a delivery driver. He had just got married and his wife is expecting their first child. What information should he receive shortly after diagnosis?
- He should be told he cannot continue his driving job in the future
- He may be able to work off-shore depending on his employer and where he is going
- He is likely to pass on his diabetes to his child
- He should be advised to stop drinking any alcohol
- He should be told he is unlikely to ever have any hypos (hypoglycaemic episodes) if he monitors his blood glucose regularly
- He may be able to work off-shore depending on his employer and where he is going
It is advisable for everyone to pursue a healthy lifestyle if he/she wishes to reduce the risks of long term illness. Which of the following would be considered appropriated to tell a sedentary man with an unhealthy diet who is keen to change to a more healthy lifestyle?
- Aim for 150 minutes of moderate intensity physical activity per week
- Aim to eat 5 portions of fruit/vegetables per day
- Aim to eat 1 portion of oily fish per week
- It is inadvisable to drink more than 14 units of alcohol per week
- All of the above
- All of the above
53 y/o man diagnosed with T2DM 6 Months ago. He has lost 1 stone in weight his BMI is 28 and HbA1c is 75 mol/mol (9%). What is the next appropriate medication in his management?
- Insulin
- Thiazoldinedione (e.g. pioglitazone)
- Sulphonylurea (e.g. glimepiride)
- Biguanide (e.g. metformin)
- DPP IV inhibitor (e.g. sitagliptin)
- Biguanide (e.g. metformin)
Which symptom below is NOT typical of hypoglycaemia?
- Headache
- Itch
- Poor Concentration
- Sweating
- Irritability
- Itch
32 y/o patient with T1DM is reviewed at the diabetes clinic. His blood sugar is 3.2 mmol/l and he tells you he is feeling well. What is the best course of action next?
- Administer IM glucagon
- Send him home for lunch
- Give 200ml fresh orange juice
- Give digestive biscuit
- Administer his lunchtime insulin
- Give 200ml fresh orange juice
25 y/o with T1DM presents with vomiting and diarrhoea. BP 80/54 and RR is 24 breath/min. Which test is least important for immediate management?
- Blood Glucose
- pH
- Urine/Blood Ketones
- Electrolytes
- Liver Function Tests
- Liver Function Tests - exception if jaundiced
23 y/o man diagnosed with hyperthyroidism and has been commenced on carbimazole. What do you need ti counsel him regarding?
- Neutropenia
- Fertility
- Metallic taste in the mouth
- Renal Function
- Discolouration of urine
- Neutropenia - Low WBCs
A man with large prolactinoma complains of impaired vision. What is the most likely pattern of visual field loss to be found on clinical confrontation?
- Homonymous hemianopia
- Bitemporal hemianopia
- Total loss of vision in one eye
- Homonymous quadrantanopia
- Nasal hemianopia
- Bitemporal hemianopia
38 y/o lady presents feeling tired and dizzy. She is tanned and her investigation show Na 123 (low) K 5.6 (high). Thyroid function tests are normal and calcium is normal. Her cortisol 50 (low). What is her diagnosis?
- Hyperparathyroidism
- Addison’s disease
- Cushing’s disease
- Grave’s disease
- Conn’s syndrome
- Addison’s disease
All the condition below are well recognised causes of secondary diabetes except one. Which condition is not a recognised cause of secondary diabetes?
- Acromegaly
- Haemochromatosis
- Addison’s Disease
- Cushing’s Disease
- Chronic Pancreatitis
- Addisons Disease - issues w/ hypoglycaemia
