Pathology Of The Airways And Lungs

Question 1

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

Answer 1

Sudden respiratory failure due to accumulation in the alveoli. Often in the critically ill, 25-40% fatal, survivors may not regain full lung function

Question 2

Asthma

Answer 2

Chronic inflammation of the airways caused by an ↑ hypersensitivity to stimuli

Question 3

Atelectasis

Answer 3

A condition in which one or more areas of the lungs collapse or do not inflate properly

Question 4

Bronchiectasis

Answer 4

Progressive obstructive lung disease that produce abnormal dilation of a bronchus. Bronchial walls weaken and produce irreversible dilation

Question 5

Bronchitis

Answer 5

Inflammation of the bronchi characterized by hypertrophy of mucus secreting glands, ↑ mucus secretions, and poor oxygenation due to mucus blockage
Productive cough for 3 months over a 2 year course

Question 6

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Answer 6

Group of lung diseases that block airflow due to narrowing of the bronchial tree. Progresses to aveolar destruction and air trapping, ↑ TLC and RV2 main Dx: emphysema & chronic bronchitis

Question 7

Cystic Fibrosis (CF)

Answer 7

Autosomal recessive genetic disease of the exocrine glands that primarily affect the lungs, pancreas, liver, intestines, sinuses, and sex organs.

Question 8

Emphysema

Answer 8

Alveolar walls are gradually destroyed and turned into lares irregular pockets with holes in the walls. Poor elasticity so bronchioles collapse during exhalation, trapping air. Overinflated alveoli and dead space present.

Question 9

Pleural effusion

Answer 9

Buildup of fluid in the pleural space between the lungs and chest cavity and can push against lung making it difficult breathe

Question 10

Pneumonia

Answer 10

Inflammation of the lungs

Question 11

Pulmonary edema

Answer 11

Fluid collects in the alveoli within the lungs, making it difficult to breathing. Acute pulmonary edema is a medical emergency.

Question 12

Pulmonary embolism (PE)

Answer 12

One or more arteries in the lungs becomes blocked

Can be life threatening; but can be prevented by anti-clotting agents

Question 13

Pulmonary Fibrosis

Answer 13

Microscopic damage to alveoli causes irreversible scarring of the interstitial tissue —> stiff/thick tissue and alveoli

Question 14

Restrictive lung Dysfunction (RLD)

Answer 14

Abnormal reduction in lung expansion and pulmonary ventilation