Pathology of Renal disease Flashcards

1
Q

How does kidney work

A
Filters 180 litres of blood per day 
Resorbs 178 litres per day
2 litres of urine per day 
Interstitial exists between glomerular capillary and tubules 
Tubules are where urine is produced
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2
Q

What passes through

What doesn’t pass through

A

Urea
Creatinine

Proteins

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3
Q

What can go wrong - glomerular

A

Lack of filtration - particles accumulate leading to blocked filter

  • lack of glomeruli to filter e.g by sclerosis
  • groups of glomeruli die off and become granular
  • can lead to chronic hypertension

Lack of blood supply therefore flow - blood pressure not high enough to create filtrate

Too much filtration - leaky membranes - particles pass through which shouldn’t be e.g albumin and plasma proteins

  • leads to proteinuria
  • loss of albumin results in nephrotic syndrome
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4
Q

Cause of blocked filter

3 causes

nothing to see

proteins

cells

A

Blood pressure starts to rise once certain percentage of filtration apparatus is blocked

minimal change
glomerularnephritis

proteins deposited in filter - membranous glomerular nephritis

inflammatory cells
proliferative glomerular nephritis

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5
Q

What can go wrong - tubular

A
  1. too little reabsorption - faulty tubules
  2. tubular dysfunction - lack of blood supply leads to acute tubular necrosis - susceptible to toxins
  3. blocked/inflamed - calcium phosphate crystals involved in bowel prep - bacteria, neutrophils and macrophages colonise and block tubules
  4. tubule mass necrosis
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6
Q

What can go wrong - neoplasia

A
  1. tumours can develop e.g renal cell carcinoma
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7
Q

Renal cell carcinoma

Risk factors

A

3% of all cancers
cigarette smoking

Obesity
dialysis

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