Introduction to Surgery Flashcards
Demonstrate the relevance of common surgical problems in dental patients. Understand the implications of surgery and their associated conditions when undertaking dentistry.
What is surgery
Branch of medical science which treats disease/injury via operative procedures
Areas of surgery
Subspecialties, general surgery, anaesthetics
Types of surgery
Elective Emergency Expedited Laparoscopic Day surgery
Classifications of surgery (give examples)
Major - cancer resection
Intermediate - hernia repair
Minor - lipoma excision
Role of surgeon
Diagnosis - evaluate and investigate
Treatment options - surgical/non-surgical
Operate
Post-op care - immediate , rehab, follow-up
Surgery types - nature
Emergency - time-dependent
Elective - diagnosis known
History taking structure
Presenting c/o
Medical history
Drug history
Family and social history
Examination
General
Vital signs - pulse, BP, rest, temp
System specific exam e.g abdo
Pre-op care (give examples)
Safe surgery - informed consent and predict complications
Safe anaesthetic - airway established, co-morbidities assessed
ASA classifications (give examples)
Identify risk
ASA I
Healthy patient
ASA II
Mild systemic disease with no functional limitation e.g controlled hypertension
ASA III
Severe systemic disease with definite functional limitation e.g COPD
ASA IV
Severe systemic disease that is a constant threat to life e.g unstable angina
ASA V
Moribund patient who is not expected to survive for 24 hours with or without surgery e.g ruptured aortic aneurysm
Cardiac surgery e.gs
valve replacement/repaire
anticoagulants
General surgery
Liver, gall bladder - Bleeding drug metabolism issues, jaundice
Colitis, Crohns, ulcerative colitis
ENT e.gs
Thyroid, larynx, lumps, sinusitis, headaches, earache
Plastics
Wound healing, skin cancer, cosmetic surgery
Neurosurgery
Head injury
Cranial nerve lesions
Orthopaedics
Principles of hard tissue surgery
Rheumatoid disease
Preoperative care
dealing with emergencies airway bleeding vital signs sedation
Post operative care
General - pain, fluid intake, nausea, DVT prevention
Organ systems -
CVS (arrythmia, hypotension, hypertension)
RS (hypoxia, difficulty breathing, sputum retention
GI (nutrition, voiding, diarrhoea)
GU (retention urine,diuresis)
MS (mobility, pressure areas)
Surgical emergencies
Airway - tracheostomy Bleeding - pressure/elevation - trauma, vascular disease - suturing Trauma - stop bleeding - stabilise fracture - relieve pain Blockages - respiratory - intestinal - biliary - vascular Perforations - intestinal - vascular Infections - Abscesses, internal organs, soft tissues, bone
