Pathology of lung disease not related to smoking

Question 1

Define restrictive lung disease

Answer 1

a group of disorders characterised by reduced lung expansion and reduction in total lung capacity

Question 2

Causes of restrictive lung disease

Answer 2

primary lung fibrotic diseases
interstitial lung diseases
chest wall
pleura
neuromuscular disease
bony abnormalities
obesity

Question 3

Define interstitial lung disease

Answer 3

a diverse group of disorders of the lung tissue characterised by inflammation and fibrosis

distorts the normal architecture of the lung

Question 4

Interstitial lung disease effect on interstitium

Answer 4

thickening of interstitium
fibrotic scar tissue (replaces elastin)
increases diffusion distance
decreases gas transfer capacity

Question 5

Define sarcoidosis

Answer 5

a systemic granulomatous disease of unknown cause

lung involvement +/- hilar lymphadenopathy

Question 6

Define hypersensitivity pneumonitis

Answer 6

chronic disease of the lungs resulting from inhalation of organic antigenic substances

pathogen acts as foreign antigen and triggers a local hypersensitivity reaction

also known as extrinsic allergic alveolitis

Question 7

Define idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Answer 7

chronic progressive interstitial pulmonary fibrosis with respiratory failure

no known cause

Question 8

IPF risk factors (extrinsic and intrinsic)

Answer 8

intrinsic = genetic susceptibility, ageing, male sex, lung microbiome

extrinsic = cigarette smoke, environmental exposures, air pollution

Question 9

How is the pleura in IPF?

Answer 9

essentially normal

Question 10

Which lobes is pneumoconiosis worst in?

Answer 10

upper lobes