Interstitial lung disease Flashcards
Restrictive extra-pulmonary causes of dyspnoea (neuromuscular)
diaphragmatic paralysis
cervical spine injury
myasthenia gravis
guillain-barre
muscular dystrophies
Restrictive extra-parenchymal causes of dyspnoea (chest wall)
kyphoscoliosis
obesity
ankylosing spondylitis
What does DPLD stand for?
diffuse parenchymal lung disease
(interstitial lung diseases)
What is the interstitium?
area in and around the alveoli
What can cause interstitial lung disease?
drugs, therapies, iatrogenic (bleomycin, amiodarone)
inhalation of dusts
connective tissue diseases
idiopathic
Name 2 ILD granulomatous diseases
sarcoidosis
hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Breath sounds in fibrosis
fine end inspiratory crackles (louder towards end of inspiration)
Breath sounds in sarcoidosis
normal
Breath sounds in hypersensitivity pneumonitis
crackles, wheeze, squeaks
How is exercise capacity measured?
6MWD = 6 minute walk distance = distance walked in 6 minutes and oxygen saturations before and after
1 minute sit-to-stand test = how many sit-to-stands in 1 minute and oxygen saturations before an after
What enzyme can be a marker for sarcoidosis?
ACE
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme
Where does Ankylosing Spondylitis associated pulmonary fibrosis affect?
upper lobes
HRCT findings interstitial lung disease/fibrosis
ground glass (non-specific)
consolidation
reticular shadowing (fibrosis)
traction bronchiectasis (scar tissue pulls airways apart) (fibrosis)
honeycombing (fibrosis)
How can disease progression be monitored in ILD?
FVC
DLCO (diffusion capacity of lungs for carbon monoxide)
6 minute walk testing
symptoms - SOB, cough
ILD treatment
fibrosis:
- antifibrotics - only for IPF
inflammation:
- corticosteroids
- MTX/HCQ
- azathioprine/mycophenolate mofetil
- cyclophosphamide
