Pathology of Gall Bladder/Exocrine Pancreas

Question 1

90% of _________ is due to choleliths and 40% of _____________ is due to choleliths.

Answer 1

cholecystitis; pancreatitis

Question 2

80% of gallstones are _________.

Answer 2

cholesterol (the other 20% are pigment and are more associated with east Asian ancestry)

Question 3

90% of cholecystitis occurs due to ____________.

Answer 3

calculous obstruction

Question 4

___________________ has a very poor prognosis (only 1% at five years).

Answer 4

Gallbladder cancers

Question 5

True or false: choledochal cysts most often present in the sixth decade.

Answer 5

False. They’re congenital.

Question 6

Risk factors for bile duct carcinoma include ____________.

Answer 6

• Cholelithiasis
• Choledochal cysts
• Gallbladder flukes
• Primary sclerosing cholangitis

Question 7

The vast majority of pancreatic neoplasms are __________.

Answer 7

ductal adenocarcinoma

Question 8

Gallstones become symptomatic at the rate of __% per year.

Answer 8

2

Question 9

The ligament of Treitz is located at the __________ junction.

Answer 9

duodeno-jejunal

Question 10

Chronic cholecystitis is due to _____________.

Answer 10

recurrent gallstones with fibrosis from inflammation (although this is disputed – the real reason is not well understood)

Question 11

Most gallbladder cancer is ______________.

Answer 11

adenocarcinoma

Question 12

Why does alcohol cause acute pancreatitis?

Answer 12

Alcohol (1) induces closure of the sphincter of Oddi, (2) stimulates secretion of pancreatic enzymes, and (3) causes defective packaging of enzymes.

Question 13

What kinds of endocrine neoplasm can arise in the pancreas?

Answer 13

Gastrinoma
Glucagonoma
Insulinoma