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Endocrinology > Pathology of Endocrine System > Flashcards

Pathology of Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

What is hyperplasia?

A

Increased number and secretory activity of cells

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2
Q

What is atrophy?

A

Diminution of cells due to lack of stimulation

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3
Q

What can generally cause tissue damage?

A 
Inflammation
Autoimmune disease
Compression 
Trauma 
Infarction
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4
Q

What hormones does the thyroid gland synthesise and store?

A

T4

T3

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5
Q

Which hormones doe s the thyroid gland release that has an effect on calcium?

A

Calcitonin

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6
Q

What type of epithelium surrounds follicles?

A

Cuboidal epithelial cells

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7
Q

What does the colloid of TG contain?

A

Thyroglobulin

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8
Q

What is the commonest cause of hyperthyroidism?

A

Grave’s disease

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9
Q

What are the classic manifestations of thyroid disease?

A

Hyperthyroidism
Hypothyroidism
Thyroid enlargement

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10
Q

Who does Grave’s disease affect more F or M?

A

F

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11
Q

When does Grave’s disease peak yrs?

A

20-40

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12
Q

What is the pathology of Grave’s Disease?

A

Autoimmune production of anti-TSH receptor antibodies
Bind to TSH and chronically stimulate it
Resulting in the over production of T3 and T4

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13
Q

What is seen on Grave’s disease histology

A

Increased cell numbers due to increased cell activity

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14
Q

What is the commonest cause of hypothyroidism?

A

Hashmito’s thyroiditis

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15
Q

Are M or F more affected with Hashmito’s thyroiditis?

A

F

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16
Q

What is the pathology of Hashmito’s thyroiditis?

A

Autoimmune destruction of thyroid epithelial cells

17
Q

What do antibodies attack in Hashmoto’s?

A

Thyroglobulin

Thyroid peroxidase

18
Q

Why does Hashmoto’ cause enlargement of the thyroid gland?

A

Due to the fact the TG is trying to compensate

19
Q

What is goitre?

A

Enlarged thyroid

20
Q

Why are goitres sometimes removed?

A

Due to pressure on the trachea

21
Q

What causes goitre?

A

Lack of dietary iodine
Lack of T3 and T4 synthesis
Thyroid has to work harder cause no TSH is being released
Enlargement of the gland

22
Q

What are different causes of thyroid nodule?

A

Dominant nodule in multinodular goitre
Cyst
Follicular adenoma
Carcinoma

23
Q

What are the classifications of thyroid carcinoma?

A

Papillary
Follicular
Anaplastic
Medullary

Endocrinology (19 decks)

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