Pathology of Endocrine System Flashcards
What is hyperplasia?
Increased number and secretory activity of cells
What is atrophy?
Diminution of cells due to lack of stimulation
What can generally cause tissue damage?
Inflammation Autoimmune disease Compression Trauma Infarction
What hormones does the thyroid gland synthesise and store?
T4
T3
Which hormones doe s the thyroid gland release that has an effect on calcium?
Calcitonin
What type of epithelium surrounds follicles?
Cuboidal epithelial cells
What does the colloid of TG contain?
Thyroglobulin
What is the commonest cause of hyperthyroidism?
Grave’s disease
What are the classic manifestations of thyroid disease?
Hyperthyroidism
Hypothyroidism
Thyroid enlargement
Who does Grave’s disease affect more F or M?
F
When does Grave’s disease peak yrs?
20-40
What is the pathology of Grave’s Disease?
Autoimmune production of anti-TSH receptor antibodies
Bind to TSH and chronically stimulate it
Resulting in the over production of T3 and T4
What is seen on Grave’s disease histology
Increased cell numbers due to increased cell activity
What is the commonest cause of hypothyroidism?
Hashmito’s thyroiditis
Are M or F more affected with Hashmito’s thyroiditis?
F
What is the pathology of Hashmito’s thyroiditis?
Autoimmune destruction of thyroid epithelial cells
What do antibodies attack in Hashmoto’s?
Thyroglobulin
Thyroid peroxidase
Why does Hashmoto’ cause enlargement of the thyroid gland?
Due to the fact the TG is trying to compensate
What is goitre?
Enlarged thyroid
Why are goitres sometimes removed?
Due to pressure on the trachea
What causes goitre?
Lack of dietary iodine
Lack of T3 and T4 synthesis
Thyroid has to work harder cause no TSH is being released
Enlargement of the gland
What are different causes of thyroid nodule?
Dominant nodule in multinodular goitre
Cyst
Follicular adenoma
Carcinoma
What are the classifications of thyroid carcinoma?
Papillary
Follicular
Anaplastic
Medullary
