Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Endocrinology > Clinical Thyroid Disease > Flashcards

Clinical Thyroid Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What are the symptoms of hypothyroidism ?

A 
Weight gain 
Lethargy 
Feeling cold 
Constipation
Heavy periods
Dry skin 
Hair fall out 
Bradcardia 
Slow reflexes 
Goitre
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the TSH and FT4/FT3 levels in primary hypothyroidism?

A

Raised TSH

Low T3 and T4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the TSH and T3/T4 levels in subclincal hypothyroidism?

A

High TSH
Low or normal T3 T4
The TSH has managed to compensated for the reduced secretion of T3 T4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the TSH and T3/4 levels in secondary hypothyroidism?

A

Low TSH

Low T3/4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the commonest endocrine condition after DM?

A

Hypothyroidism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Are males or females more affected in hypothyroidism?

A

Females

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How does risk of hypothyroidism change with age?

A

Increased risk with age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Why is everyone screened at birth for hypothyroidism?

A

Because if missed it can lead to inproper development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are some causes of primary hypothyroidism?

A

Autoimmune thyroid disease (Hashmitos)
Iatrogenic
Chronic iodine deficiency
Drug induced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are some causes of secondary hypothyroidism?

A 
Pituitary/hypothalamic damage:
Pituitary tumour 
Post PG surgery 
Sheehan's syndrome 
Isolated TRH deficiency
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the investigations for hypothyroidism?

A

TSH
FT4/FT3
Autoantibodies (TPO)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the treatment for hypothyroidism?

A

Levothyroxine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Is there any benefit to combining FT3 and FT4 treatment?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the initial dose of levothyroxine?

A

50 mcg/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

For how long do you increase the dose of lvevothyroxine?

A

Until TSH is normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

After stabilisation how often is hypothyroidism checked?

A

Annual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

When should levothyroxine be taken?

A

Same time everyday on an empty stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

When would you be more cautious about levothyroxine dose?

A

IHD - angina
Pregnancy - increase dose by 25%
Potpartum thyroiditis
Myxedema coma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the treatment for myxedema coma?

A

IV T3 (steroid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is myxedema hypothyroidism?

A

Coma due to hypothyroidism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

When should treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism be considered?

A

TSH>10
TSH>5 with positive thyroid antibodies
TSH elevated with symptoms

22
Q

What is goitre?

A

Swelling of the neck resulting from enlargement of the TG

23
Q

What causes goitre?

A 
Puberty 
Pregnancy 
Grave's disease
Hashmoto's disease 
Thyroiditis 
Iodine deficiency
24
Q

What are the type of goitre?

A 
Multinodular 
Diffuse 
Cysts 
tumours 
Miscellaneous
25
Q

What tumours can cause goitre?

A

Adenomas
Carcinomas
Lymphomas

26
Q

What are the investigations for a solitary nodule?

A

Thyroid function tests
Isotope scanning if low TSH
USS
FNA

27
Q

What is the commonest type of thyroid cancer?

A

Papillary

28
Q

What is the prognosis for follicular and papillary thyroid cancer?

A

Good prognosis

29
Q

Who is papillary thyroid cancer common in?

A

younger females

30
Q

Where does follicular thyroid carcinoma typically spread to?

A

Lungs

Bone

31
Q

Rx for thyroid cancer?

A

Near total thyroidectomy
High does radioiodine
Long term suppressive doses of thyroxine
Follow up

32
Q

What are other types of thyroid cancer?

A

Anaplastic
Lymphoma
Medullary

33
Q

What is the prognosis for anaplastic thyroid cancer?

A

Very poor

Due to it being so aggressive and locally invasive

34
Q

Where do medullary thyroid cancers arise from?

A

Parafollicular C cells

35
Q

What are the signs of hyperthyroidism?

A 
¥	Weight Loss
¥	Anxiety/Irritability
¥	Heat Intolerance
¥	Bowel frequency increases
¥	Light periods 
¥	Sweaty palms
¥	Palpitations
¥	Hyperreflexia/Tremors
¥	Goitre
¥	Thyroid eye symptoms/signs
36
Q

What are the causes of primary hyperthyroidism?

A

Grave’s disease
Toxic multinodular goitre
Toxic adenoma

37
Q

What is the main cause of secondary thyrotoxicosis?

A

Pituitary adenoma secreting TSH

38
Q

What causes thyrotoxicosis without hyperthyroidism?

A

Destructive thyroiditis

Excessive thyroxine administration

39
Q

Who is more affected with Grave’s disease m or f?

A

F>M

40
Q

What is a common goitre presentation of grave’s disease?

A

Diffuse goitre

41
Q

Which antibodies drive grave’s disease?

A

Thyroid peroxidase antibodies

TSH receptor antibodies

42
Q

What is the treatment for hyperthyroidism?

A

ATD - carbimazole
BB
Radioiodine
Thyroidectomy

43
Q

What is the draw back to radioiodine treatment?

A

High chance of hypothyroidism

44
Q

What are the anti thyroid drugs?

A

Carbimazole Propylthiouracil

45
Q

Who cant radioiodine patients come into contact with for 4 weeks?

A

<18

Pregnant women

46
Q

TSH: 15 (0.3-3.3)
FT4: 9 (10-25)
What is the diagnosis?

A

Primary hypothyroidism

47
Q

TSH: 2 (0.3-3.3) - low end of normal
FT4: 9 (10-25)
What is the diagnosis?

A

Secondary hypothyroidism

48
Q

TSH: 15 (0.3-3.3)
FT4: 12 (10-25)
What is the diagnosis?

A

Subclinical hypothyroidism

49
Q

Why is FT4 normal and TSH elevated in subclinical hypothyroidism?

A

Because the PG rises TSH levels to compensate for the low FT4 levels

50
Q

Why is TSH high but FT4 low in primary hypothyroidism?

A

TSH tried to produce more FT4 but the thyroid isn’t working so will not physically produce any more FT4

51
Q

What are the investigations for hyper and hypothyroidism?

A

TSH
T4
T3
Thyroid antibodies

52
Q

What are the draw backs to thyroidectomy in hyperparathyroidism?

A

Will need thyroid replacement therapy for life
Risk of hypoparathyroidism
Risk of damage to recurrent laryngeal n. – hoarseness

Endocrinology (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions