Pathology of Dz

Question 1

Study of cause and development of structural and functional changes in body caused by dz

Answer 1

Pathology

Question 2

Abnormality of structure or function with recognizable clinical signs

Answer 2

Disease

Question 3

Disease factors..

Answer 3

How bad is the dz?

Question 4

Host factors…

Answer 4

How capable is the host? Can host fight off the dz?

Question 5

5 developing factors of disease

Answer 5

1. Exposure-immunity or infection
2. Infection- clinical dz, immunity or incubation
3. immunity- short term or long term
4. incubation- immunity, sub clinical carrier or clinical dz
5. clinical dz- recovery, chronic dz or death

Question 6

7 Pathological tissue changes and examples:

Answer 6

1. Size- mm or cm lxWxh
2. Number- TNTC
3. Shape- or irregular
4. Color
5. Consistency/Integrity- thick or thin; firm or solid
6. Edema/ Fluid accumulation
7. Location/Distribution/Odor

Question 7

All diseases have an __________ cause

Answer 7

underlying

Question 8

Vitamin D approach:

Answer 8

1. Vascular
2. Iatrogenic/Idiopathic
3. Toxic/Traumatic
4. Anomaly(congenital)
5. Metabolic
6. Immune-mediated/Infectious
7. Neoplastic/Nutritional
8. Degenerative/Developmental

Question 9

Diseases and infections naturally transmitted between man and other vertebrate animals

Answer 9

Zoonosis

Question 10

Staff Education for prevention:

Answer 10

Reportable dz’s, Vac/parasite program, not allow clients to restrain pets, avoid scratches/bites, vac for rabies, wear gloves/wash hands

Question 11

Deworming recommendation for kittens/puppies

Answer 11

every 2 wks until 8wks of age

then monthly until 6 months of age

Question 12

Fecal exams are ______ times a year

Answer 12

1-4

Question 13

Heart worm test dogs _________, cats __________

Answer 13

annually; periodically

Question 14

Viewing death

Answer 14

Necropsy

Question 15

Purpose of necropsy:

Answer 15

determine cause of death 
confirm diagnosis 
study pathology to find prevention or treatment 
prevent zoonosis 
ease minds 
legal reasons

Question 16

Equipment needed for necropsy:

Answer 16

PPE
zoonosis awareness
instruments/tools
DO NOT FREEZE

Question 17

Positing small animals for necopsy:

Answer 17

left lateral then dorsal

Question 18

Positioning for ruminants and horses for necropsy:

Answer 18

left lateral

Question 19

Positioning birds for necropsy:

Answer 19

dorsal

Question 20

Positioning fetus for necropsy:

Answer 20

right lateral

*Examine fetal membranes, weight, measure crown to the rump

Question 21

Procedure for necropsy:

Answer 21

1. External exam
2. Abdominal cavity (GI tract tie off) (Liver, pancreas, spleen, kidney, bladder, repro. organs)
3. Thoracic cavity (Remove tongue, thymus, thyroid, esophagus, trachea, lungs, heart)
4. Head (start ventral)
5. Muskuloskeletal system

Question 22

Preserving histopathology samples

Answer 22

Fixatives

Question 23

Formalin is _____ % neutral buffered formaldehyde

Answer 23

10

Question 24

Not more than ____cm in thickness

Answer 24

1.0

Question 25

Formalin:Tissue volume?

Answer 25

10:1

Question 26

Large samples include _____ ____________ ______ and _____% formalin

Answer 26

brain, spinal cord, bone

50

Question 27

Additional testings:

Answer 27

1. Bacterial cultures-collect fluid and tissue
2. Cytology
3. Virus isolation
4. Stomach contents
5. Individual or herd cases
6. External parasites placed in alcohol
7. LABEL and SHIP SECURELY
8. Radiographs