Pathology of Breast Disease Flashcards
How many lobes does each breast have?
8-10
How is a lobule made up
Lobule made up of smaller lobules
What is the end of a lobule called?
Bulbs
What happens to the lobules during puberty?
Branching occurs, starting from the nipple
What is the function of lymph ducts in the breast?
Drain fluid that carries WBC from breast tissues into lymph nodes
What is the function of lymph nodes in the breast?
Filter harmful bacteria
What are some examples of benign breast conditions?
Fat necrosis Duct ectasia Intraduct papilloma Fibroadenoma Fibrocystic change
What is a fibroadenoma?
Proliferation of epithelial and stromal elements
What does a fibroadenoma look like?
Well-circumscribed, freely mobile, non painful mass
What are some examples of other adenomas in the breast?
Lactating adenoma
Tubular adenoma
What is the histological presentation of fat necrosis?
Histiocytes with foamy cytoplasm
What are the predispositions for fat necrosis?
History of antecedent trauma
Prior surgical intervention
What is a Phyllodes tumour?
Fleshy tumour, leaf like pattern and cysts on cut surface
How would a breast carcinoma present on mammogram?
Soft tissue opacity
Microcalcifications
What is found on clinical examination of a breast carcinoma?
Hard lump
Fixed mass
Tethering to skin
Peau d’orange dimpling of skin
What are the risk factors for breast cancer?
Gender Age Family history Menstrual history Age at first pregnancy Radiation Personal history Hormonal treatment Obesity Alcohol
What breast cancers are classed as non invasive histologically?
Ductal carcinoma in situ
Lobular carcinoma in situ
What breast cancers are classed as invasive histologically?
Invasive ductal carcinoma
Invasive lobular carcinoma
What are microcalcifications?
Tiny deposits on calcium that can appear anywhere in the breast and often show up on mammogram
What are ER/PR molecular markers a sign of?
Strong predictors of response to hormonal therapies
What is the cause of Paget’s disease?
Result of intraepithelial spread of intraductal carcinoma
What is the histologically appearance of Paget’s disease?
Large pale-staining cells within the epidermis of the nipple
What is the presentation of Paget’s disease?
Pain Itching Scaling and redness Ulceration Crusting Serous or bloody discharge
What is gynaecomastia associated with?
Hyperthyroidism Cirrhosis of liver Chronic renal failure Chronic pulmonary disease Hypogonadism Use of hormones
