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Obs and Gynae > Pathology of Breast Disease > Flashcards

Pathology of Breast Disease Flashcards

1
Q

How many lobes does each breast have?

A

8-10

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2
Q

How is a lobule made up

A

Lobule made up of smaller lobules

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3
Q

What is the end of a lobule called?

A

Bulbs

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4
Q

What happens to the lobules during puberty?

A

Branching occurs, starting from the nipple

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5
Q

What is the function of lymph ducts in the breast?

A

Drain fluid that carries WBC from breast tissues into lymph nodes

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6
Q

What is the function of lymph nodes in the breast?

A

Filter harmful bacteria

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7
Q

What are some examples of benign breast conditions?

A 
Fat necrosis
Duct ectasia 
Intraduct papilloma 
Fibroadenoma 
Fibrocystic change
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8
Q

What is a fibroadenoma?

A

Proliferation of epithelial and stromal elements

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9
Q

What does a fibroadenoma look like?

A

Well-circumscribed, freely mobile, non painful mass

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10
Q

What are some examples of other adenomas in the breast?

A

Lactating adenoma

Tubular adenoma

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11
Q

What is the histological presentation of fat necrosis?

A

Histiocytes with foamy cytoplasm

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12
Q

What are the predispositions for fat necrosis?

A

History of antecedent trauma

Prior surgical intervention

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13
Q

What is a Phyllodes tumour?

A

Fleshy tumour, leaf like pattern and cysts on cut surface

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14
Q

How would a breast carcinoma present on mammogram?

A

Soft tissue opacity

Microcalcifications

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15
Q

What is found on clinical examination of a breast carcinoma?

A

Hard lump
Fixed mass
Tethering to skin
Peau d’orange dimpling of skin

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16
Q

What are the risk factors for breast cancer?

A 
Gender 
Age 
Family history 
Menstrual history 
Age at first pregnancy 
Radiation
Personal history 
Hormonal treatment 
Obesity 
Alcohol
17
Q

What breast cancers are classed as non invasive histologically?

A

Ductal carcinoma in situ

Lobular carcinoma in situ

18
Q

What breast cancers are classed as invasive histologically?

A

Invasive ductal carcinoma

Invasive lobular carcinoma

19
Q

What are microcalcifications?

A

Tiny deposits on calcium that can appear anywhere in the breast and often show up on mammogram

20
Q

What are ER/PR molecular markers a sign of?

A

Strong predictors of response to hormonal therapies

21
Q

What is the cause of Paget’s disease?

A

Result of intraepithelial spread of intraductal carcinoma

22
Q

What is the histologically appearance of Paget’s disease?

A

Large pale-staining cells within the epidermis of the nipple

23
Q

What is the presentation of Paget’s disease?

A 
Pain
Itching 
Scaling and redness 
Ulceration 
Crusting 
Serous or bloody discharge
24
Q

What is gynaecomastia associated with?

A 
Hyperthyroidism 
Cirrhosis of liver 
Chronic renal failure 
Chronic pulmonary disease 
Hypogonadism 
Use of hormones
25
Q

What is gynaecomastia?

A

Increase in subareolar tissue in males

Obs and Gynae (27 decks)

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