Pathology Exam 2 Old Flashcards
1
Q
- What is the average lifespan of a RBC?
A
4 months; 120 days
2
Q
- The term “Hair on end” is used to describe what?
A
a. Thalassemia - sickle cell trait was an option - DONT PICK
3
Q
- Sickle cell anemia is characterized by substituting a Valine with
A
Glutamine
Glutamic acid
4
Q
- Plummer vinson syndrome present with which type of anemia?
A
a. Iron deficiency anemia
5
Q
- Which of the following is considered an autoimmune disease?
A
B12 anemia
6
Q
- What cell is associated with granulomatous tissue?
A
a. Activated Macrophages
7
Q
- When presenting with an oral manifestation, what leukemia has a predilection for gingiva?
A
a. AML - acute myelogenous leukemia
8
Q
- Burkett’s lymphoma is associated with what HHV?
A
HHV-4
9
Q
- What best describes “Multiple myeloma”?
A
a. Punched out holes (radiolucency)
10
Q
- What type of necrosis is associated with tuberculosis?
A
a. Caseous necrosis
11
Q
- What is associated with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency?
A
a. Panacinar emphysema
12
Q
- Gumma is associated with what?
A
Tertiary Syphilis
13
Q
- What is associated with Regeneration of the Liver?
A
a. Hyperplasia
14
Q
- What is a periapical pathosis that is present as a radiolucency and has epithelial lining?
A
a. Periapical cyst
15
Q
- What gene translocation is associated with chronic myelogenous leukemia?
A
a. t(9:22)
philadelphia chromosome
16
Q
- All of the following is associated with Plummer-vinson EXCEPT:
A
a. Pernicious anemia
(affects Scandinavian European women, iron deficiency
anemia, esophageal webs, dysphagia, increased risk of seuqmous cell carcinoma)
17
Q
- What is a common tumor of the lungs?
A
a. Metastatic
18
Q
- What type of collapsed lung is caused by obstruction of the airway?
A
a. Resorption
19
Q
- What type of collapsed lung is caused by fluid within the pleural cavity?
A
Compression
20
Q
- What type of collapsed lung is caused by local or generalized fibrotic changes?
A
a. Contraction
21
Q
- Mesothelioma is a benign outgrowth of the pleura. It decreases with asbestos exposure
A
a. Both statements are false
22
Q
- A patient has type 1 diabetes to which they have to regularly take insulin shots. What type of
disease would this be classified as?
A
a. Metabolic disease
23
Q
- Hyperplastic candidiasis is best described as
A
d. White plaque that cannot be wiped off
24
Q
- Which of the following Hepatitis are transmitted “Enterically”?
A
a. Hep A → (Hep E is also correct, but was not option on our exam)
25
42. What is the initial step to cause thrombosis to occur?
a. Injury to endothelial cells
26
43. Is the most common anemia?
a. Iron deficiency
27
44. What blood type is the universal donor?
O
28
45. What low-grade lymphoma can be associated with patients with Sjorgens?
a. MALT lymphoma
29
46. What is the most common leukemia present in children? → asked (2x)
ALL (acute lymphoblastic leukemia)
30
47. Thrombocytopenic purpura platelet count would be
a. Below normal
Normal - 50,000-100,000
31
52. This is associated with respiratory droplets
a. Covid-19
32
53. Which of the following is not part of the portal triad?
Arteriole
IS:
b. Hepatic artery
c. Portal vein
d. Bile
33
54. Which of the following is a function of the hepatocyte?
a. Lipid metabolism
b. Produces bile
c. Protein synthesis
34
55. This is the yellow coloration of the gingiva
Jaundice
35
56. Which of the following is NOT a risk factor of cholesterol stones?
Insulin accumulation
IS-
a. Female
b. dyslipidemia
c. insulin resistance
d. gallbladded stasis
36
Decreased number of neutrophils
Neutropenia
37
Name 3 type of lung cancer?
- Small cell carcinoma
- Squamous cell carcinoma
- Adenocarcinoma
38
Infection of the blood
septicemia
39
Most common neoplasm of liver
-Hepatocellular carcinoma
40
COPD consists of:
Chronic bronchitis and emphysema
41
Oral pigmentation
Addisons
42
What is co-associated with Hep D?
HepB
43
Step ladder
Sickle cell anemia
44
Which of these is not innate immunity?
CD4 T lymphocyte
45
Graves disease
Type II hypersensitivity hyperthyroidism
46
Major clinical consequence of atherosclerosis?
Stroke
47
Someone with hashimotos is prone to developing:
Non-hodgkin's lymphoma
48
Most pain receptors?
Pleural lining
NOT PLEURAL SPACE
49
Carcinoid tumors secrete what hormone?
serotonin
50
chipmunk face for thalassemia due to what?
Compensatory hyperPLASIA of bone marrow
51
kid regularly has aphthous ulcerations to tongue, chronic gingivitis, and bone loss?
Cyclic neutropenia
52
Which anemia considered autoimmune disease?
vitamin b12 anemia aka pernicious anemia (on 2021 exam)
OR... but only if the above isnt an option Hemolytic anemia
53
In viral infection, which WBC is elevated?
Leukocyte
54
What immune deficiency is caused by having a pronounced decrease in # of neutrophils?
Neutropenia
55
Which high grade lymphoma has a predilection for the jawbone of children and is associated with herpes IV?
a. Burkett’s lymphoma
56
A malignancy of plasma cells is referred to as
multiple myeloma
57
Name one medication that impairs ability to platelets to aggregate
Aspirin
58
Name three types of atelectasis?
Resorption, compression, contraction
59
Which type of emphysema predominates in non-smokers?
Panacinar
60
Hep A considered STD?
True
61
25 yo man presents to oral surgery for extraction of #15 with divergent and dilacerated
roots. When pt returned… cluster of painful small ulcerations that began as vesicles
were noted on herd palate. On palpation, this lesions no indurated and didn’t have rolled border…. Or symptoms. Which of following is most appropriate dx?
a. Recurrent herpetic infection
62
What’s the name of oral lesion in secondary syphilis?
a. Mucous patch
63
40. Increase in overall size of tissue due to increase in size of cells.
a. hypertrophy.
Pretty sure this is **hyperplasia**. Hypertrophy doesn't have an increase in cells - it's the muscle one from working out.
64
Name 2 periapical pathosis that can present as a periapical radiolucency associated with
a non-vital tooth
a. Periapical cyst and periapical granuloma
65
Vomiting of fresh red blood is called...
Hematemesis
66
Macroglossia is caused by
Amyloidosis
67
An escape of blood is called
Hemorrhage
68
Major contributor of osmotic colloid pressure
Albumin
69
Edema present in right side heart failure?
Pitting edema (left would cause pulmonary edema)
70
Organ that is edema is not tolerated in
Brain and lungs
71
Hemorrhage into skin and mucosa sizes
Petechia < purpura < ecchymosis
72
Unwanted blood clot
Thrombus
73
Dislodgement and travel of thrombus
Embolism
74
Which is the most likely to metastasize?
Squamous cell carcinoma
75
Grading done by pathologist, staging done by clinician
Both true
76
You can diagnose SCC clinically
False
77
Complete loss of blood supply that leads to necrosis?
Infarct
78
Keloid is made of
Collagen
79
Which of the following is due to a defect in fibrillin?
Marfan syndrome
80
Which of the following expresses assymetry
Parry romberg
81
Glomerulonephritis is usually caused by a retrograde infection in genitourinary tract.
Pyelonephritis is an immune complex mediated disease
False, false
82
Neutropenia susceptible to what
Bacterial infections
83
Most common neoplasm of the liver
Hepatocellular carcinoma
84
High levels of erythropoietin
Polycythemia
85
Renal failure leads to anemia why?
Kidney failure to produce erythropoietin
86
A two-year old child has an abdominal mass and chronic low grade fever. The mass is biopsied and found to consist of several cell types, some of which form abortive glomeruli, others resemle skeletal muscle. The best diagnosis
Wilm's tumor/disease
87
Universal recepient blood type
AB
88
Most common benign neoplasm of breast
Fibroadenoma
89
All of the following are risk factors for MI or atherosclerosis except:
Aneurysm NOT a risk factor, it is a consequence
90
alpha fetoprotein is a marker for
Hepatocellular carcinoma
91
Surfactant is secreted by
Type II pneumocytes
92
When a thrombus becomes dislodged from a vessel and travels to another site in the vasculature, this is called...
Embolization
93
Undesired clotting of blood is termed
Thrombosis
94
Increased edema is due to which of the following? (pressure)
Increased hydrostatic pressure
decreased colloid osmotic pressure
95
lymphatic filtration occurs in which compartment?
Interstitial
96
What compartment holds the most fluid?
Intracellular
97
What is the major contributor to colloid osmotic pressure in vasculature?
Albumin
98
Thrombus on the valves of the heart are called
Vegetations
99
Which of the following works with blood pressure?
Renin
100
What is the most common benign neoplasm of the breast?
Fibroadenoma
101
Nephrotic syndrome has all of the following:
Proteinuria
Lipiduria
Hyperlipidemia
NOT: hyperalbuminemia
102
What is the most common site of orothelial carcinoma?
Bladder
102
Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis?
Type III (immune mediated)
103
Breast cancer frequently occurs
Upper outer quadrant
104
Risk of squamous cell carcinoma EXCEPT
HPV 6&11
105
HPV 16 and 18 associated with what
Cervical squamous cell carcinoma
106
Cyst with all 3 germ layers
Teratoma
107
Uterine mass =
Leiomyoma
108
Some tumors such as renal cell carcinoma may inappropriately secret supraphysiologic levels of erythropoietin. The results could be:
Polycythemia
109
It is recommended to get vaccinated against HPV subtypes 16 and 18 to prevent?
Squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix
110
What percentage of men develop prostate cancer by the age of 80?
70%
111
In Condyloma acuminatum, HPV 6 + 11 is the most common type. It is a common sexually transmitted disease
Both statemetnts are true
112
malignant Glandular epithelium
adenocarcinoma
113
High risk for head and neck malignancy?
Plummer vinson
114
What is true of atherosclerosis?
Plaque weakens the lumen
115
Krunkenberg location
Ovaries
116
patients with Barrett's esophagus are at risk of developing what type of malignant disease?
adenocarcinoma
117
55 year old with swollen gingiva and bruising
AML (acute myelogenous leukemia)
118
all of the following are associated with hyperparathyroidism EXCEPT?
bones
stones
groans
moans
everything else is NOT hyperparathyroidism
119
secondary thrombus
disseminated intravascular coagulation
120
are patients more likely to present with benign or malignant salivary gland neoplasm?
benign
121
[T/F] right lung has 2 lobes.
right lung has 3 lobes (superior, middle, inferior)
122
[T/F] sarcomas travel by hematogenous route & end in lungs. carcinomas travel via lymphatics & end up in lymph nodes.
both true
123
What is true of fatty streak
Complication would be thrombus?
124
Tetracycline staining is an example of
Intrinsic stain
125
Virchow’s triad does not include
Epithelium
(does include: endothelial injury, stasis or turbulent blood flow, and hypercoagulability)
