10/14: Diseases of Erythrocytes Flashcards
this is vomiting blood
hematemesis
this is black stool
melena
this is red blood in feces
hematochezia
this is coughing up blood
hemoptysis
this is nosebleed
epistaxis
Average lifespan of a RBC
120 days/4 months
What radiographic term can be used to describe both sickle cell anemia and thalassemia?
Hair on end
Hair on end radiographic appearance
thalassemia
Sickle cell anemia occurs due to substitution of which 2 amino acids?
Valine to glutamic acid
What is the most common anemia?
Iron deficiency
Patients with plummer vinson syndrome presents with which type of anemia
Iron deficiency
Which anemia is considered an autoimmune disease?
Pernicious anemia
Hemolytic anemia
What medication impairs the ability of platelets to aggregate?
Aspirin
Vomiting of fresh red blood is called
Hematemesis
what anemia is pernicous anemia?
Vitamin B12
Is plummer vinson pernicious anemia?
No
This is high levels of erythropoietin
Polycythemia
What is the universal recipient blood type?
AB
What is the universal blood donor?
O
Step-ladder trabecular is associated with
Sickle cell
The hair on end radiograph is seen in what?
Sickle cell anemia
Thalassemia
Missense mutations
A. Substitution of one amino acids
B. Can have fatal effects
C. Can have no big deal effects
D. Cause sickle cell anemia
E. All of the above
E
What anemia produces macrocytic anemia?
Pernicious anemia and folic acid deficiency anemia
Autoimmune atrophic gastritis may lead to
Pernicious anemia
The most common microcytic hypochromic anemia is
Iron deficiency anemia
Incompatible ABO or Rh blood type between mother and fetus may lead to hemolytic disease of the newborn also known as
Erythroblastosis fetalis
Sickle cell anemia is the result of
Mutations in the beta globin chain
In response to low levels of oxygen, the cells secrete a hormone that stimulates marrow stem cells to differentiate into erythrocytes. The hormone is
Erythropoietin
Some tumors such as renal cell carcinoma may inappropriately secrete high levels of erythropoietin. The result could be
Polycythemia
this is the process in which red and white blood cells are formed
hematopoiesis
erythrocytes are regulated by
kidney (erythropoetin)
what percentage of RBC are replaced?
1% daily
range of reticulocytes
0.5-1.5%
stages of erythropoiesis
hemocytoblast
preerythroblast
early
late
normoblast
reticulcyte
erythrocyte
normal erythrocyte value
normal erythrocyte value
normal thrombocyte value
150-400K
normal leukocyte value
5-10K
where do you do bone marrow aspiration and biopsy?
posterior superior iliac crest
structure of hemoglobin
heme = iron porphyrin
globin = HbA, HbF
what are the cell size terms?
normocytic
macrocytic (B12, foliate)
microcytic (iron def)
what is the most common anemia
what is the most common anemia
what is koilonychia
spoon-shaped nails
this is a missense, beta chain mutation
sickle cell
who is at an advantage for sickle cell disease?
heterozygotes for Hbs
red cells only sickle in what conditions?
hypoxia
what organisms have increased susceptibility in splenectomy?
pneumococcus pneumonia
hemophilus influenzae
the genetic defect in sickle cell is
autosomal recessive
effect of the sickle cell anemia on the spleen is
autosplenectomy
this is ineffective production of globin chains
thalassemia
how many genes make up beta thalassemia?
2
how many genes make up alpha thalasemmia?
4 chains
ABO mismatch leads to
ABO mismatch leads to
what is administed to Rh- women after Rh+ baby?
Rhogram (anti-D antoibody)
in erythroblastosis fetalis, what teeth are affected?
primary teeth
this is the most common human enzyme defect
G6P dehydrogenase deficiency
G6PD deficiency is inherited how?
X-linked
what organism causes malaria?
plasmodium falciparum (anopholes)
this reflects iron store in bone marrow macrophages and liver
serum ferritin
plummer-vinsion is what kind of anemia?
severe Fe deficiency
what metabolism is required for Vitamin B12
cobalamin
what is required for DNA synthesis?
folate
folate deficieny produces an anemia that can be characterized as
macrolytic
