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D2 Fall - Pathology Exam 2 > 10/14: Diseases of Erythrocytes > Flashcards

10/14: Diseases of Erythrocytes Flashcards

1
Q

this is vomiting blood

A

hematemesis

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2
Q

this is black stool

A

melena

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3
Q

this is red blood in feces

A

hematochezia

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4
Q

this is coughing up blood

A

hemoptysis

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5
Q

this is nosebleed

A

epistaxis

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6
Q

Average lifespan of a RBC

A

120 days/4 months

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7
Q

What radiographic term can be used to describe both sickle cell anemia and thalassemia?

A

Hair on end

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8
Q

Hair on end radiographic appearance

A

thalassemia

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9
Q

Sickle cell anemia occurs due to substitution of which 2 amino acids?

A

Valine to glutamic acid

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10
Q

What is the most common anemia?

A

Iron deficiency

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11
Q

Patients with plummer vinson syndrome presents with which type of anemia

A

Iron deficiency

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12
Q

Which anemia is considered an autoimmune disease?

A

Pernicious anemia
Hemolytic anemia

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13
Q

What medication impairs the ability of platelets to aggregate?

A

Aspirin

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14
Q

Vomiting of fresh red blood is called

A

Hematemesis

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15
Q

what anemia is pernicous anemia?

A

Vitamin B12

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15
Q

Is plummer vinson pernicious anemia?

A

No

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16
Q

This is high levels of erythropoietin

A

Polycythemia

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17
Q

What is the universal recipient blood type?

A

AB

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18
Q

What is the universal blood donor?

A

O

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19
Q

Step-ladder trabecular is associated with

A

Sickle cell

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20
Q

The hair on end radiograph is seen in what?

A

Sickle cell anemia
Thalassemia

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21
Q

Missense mutations
A. Substitution of one amino acids
B. Can have fatal effects
C. Can have no big deal effects
D. Cause sickle cell anemia
E. All of the above

A

E

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22
Q

What anemia produces macrocytic anemia?

A

Pernicious anemia and folic acid deficiency anemia

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23
Q

Autoimmune atrophic gastritis may lead to

A

Pernicious anemia

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24
Q

The most common microcytic hypochromic anemia is

A

Iron deficiency anemia

25
Q

Incompatible ABO or Rh blood type between mother and fetus may lead to hemolytic disease of the newborn also known as

A

Erythroblastosis fetalis

26
Q

Sickle cell anemia is the result of

A

Mutations in the beta globin chain

27
Q

In response to low levels of oxygen, the cells secrete a hormone that stimulates marrow stem cells to differentiate into erythrocytes. The hormone is

A

Erythropoietin

28
Q

Some tumors such as renal cell carcinoma may inappropriately secrete high levels of erythropoietin. The result could be

A

Polycythemia

29
Q

this is the process in which red and white blood cells are formed

A

hematopoiesis

30
Q

erythrocytes are regulated by

A

kidney (erythropoetin)

31
Q

what percentage of RBC are replaced?

A

1% daily

32
Q

range of reticulocytes

A

0.5-1.5%

33
Q

stages of erythropoiesis

A

hemocytoblast
preerythroblast
early
late
normoblast
reticulcyte
erythrocyte

34
Q

normal erythrocyte value

A

normal erythrocyte value

35
Q

normal thrombocyte value

A

150-400K

36
Q

normal leukocyte value

A

5-10K

37
Q

where do you do bone marrow aspiration and biopsy?

A

posterior superior iliac crest

38
Q

structure of hemoglobin

A

heme = iron porphyrin
globin = HbA, HbF

39
Q

what are the cell size terms?

A

normocytic
macrocytic (B12, foliate)
microcytic (iron def)

40
Q

what is the most common anemia

A

what is the most common anemia

41
Q

what is koilonychia

A

spoon-shaped nails

42
Q

this is a missense, beta chain mutation

A

sickle cell

43
Q

who is at an advantage for sickle cell disease?

A

heterozygotes for Hbs

44
Q

red cells only sickle in what conditions?

A

hypoxia

45
Q

what organisms have increased susceptibility in splenectomy?

A

pneumococcus pneumonia
hemophilus influenzae

46
Q

the genetic defect in sickle cell is

A

autosomal recessive

47
Q

effect of the sickle cell anemia on the spleen is

A

autosplenectomy

48
Q

this is ineffective production of globin chains

A

thalassemia

49
Q

how many genes make up beta thalassemia?

A

2

50
Q

how many genes make up alpha thalasemmia?

A

4 chains

51
Q

ABO mismatch leads to

A

ABO mismatch leads to

52
Q

what is administed to Rh- women after Rh+ baby?

A

Rhogram (anti-D antoibody)

53
Q

in erythroblastosis fetalis, what teeth are affected?

A

primary teeth

54
Q

this is the most common human enzyme defect

A

G6P dehydrogenase deficiency

55
Q

G6PD deficiency is inherited how?

A

X-linked

56
Q

what organism causes malaria?

A

plasmodium falciparum (anopholes)

57
Q

this reflects iron store in bone marrow macrophages and liver

A

serum ferritin

58
Q

plummer-vinsion is what kind of anemia?

A

severe Fe deficiency

59
Q

what metabolism is required for Vitamin B12

A

cobalamin

60
Q

what is required for DNA synthesis?

A

folate

61
Q

folate deficieny produces an anemia that can be characterized as

A

macrolytic

D2 Fall - Pathology Exam 2 (7 decks)

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