10/14: Diseases of Erythrocytes

Question 1

this is vomiting blood

Answer 1

hematemesis

Question 2

this is black stool

Answer 2

melena

Question 3

this is red blood in feces

Answer 3

hematochezia

Question 4

this is coughing up blood

Answer 4

hemoptysis

Question 5

this is nosebleed

Answer 5

epistaxis

Question 6

Average lifespan of a RBC

Answer 6

120 days/4 months

Question 7

What radiographic term can be used to describe both sickle cell anemia and thalassemia?

Answer 7

Hair on end

Question 8

Hair on end radiographic appearance

Answer 8

thalassemia

Question 9

Sickle cell anemia occurs due to substitution of which 2 amino acids?

Answer 9

Valine to glutamic acid

Question 10

What is the most common anemia?

Answer 10

Iron deficiency

Question 11

Patients with plummer vinson syndrome presents with which type of anemia

Answer 11

Iron deficiency

Question 12

Which anemia is considered an autoimmune disease?

Answer 12

Pernicious anemia
Hemolytic anemia

Question 13

What medication impairs the ability of platelets to aggregate?

Answer 13

Aspirin

Question 14

Vomiting of fresh red blood is called

Answer 14

Hematemesis

Question 15

what anemia is pernicous anemia?

Answer 15

Vitamin B12

Question 15

Is plummer vinson pernicious anemia?

Answer 15

No

Question 16

This is high levels of erythropoietin

Answer 16

Polycythemia

Question 17

What is the universal recipient blood type?

Answer 17

AB

Question 18

What is the universal blood donor?

Answer 18

O

Question 19

Step-ladder trabecular is associated with

Answer 19

Sickle cell

Question 20

The hair on end radiograph is seen in what?

Answer 20

Sickle cell anemia
Thalassemia

Question 21

Missense mutations
A. Substitution of one amino acids
B. Can have fatal effects
C. Can have no big deal effects
D. Cause sickle cell anemia
E. All of the above

Answer 21

E

Question 22

What anemia produces macrocytic anemia?

Answer 22

Pernicious anemia and folic acid deficiency anemia

Question 23

Autoimmune atrophic gastritis may lead to

Answer 23

Pernicious anemia

Question 24

The most common microcytic hypochromic anemia is

Answer 24

Iron deficiency anemia

Question 25

Incompatible ABO or Rh blood type between mother and fetus may lead to hemolytic disease of the newborn also known as

Answer 25

Erythroblastosis fetalis

Question 26

Sickle cell anemia is the result of

Answer 26

Mutations in the beta globin chain

Question 27

In response to low levels of oxygen, the cells secrete a hormone that stimulates marrow stem cells to differentiate into erythrocytes. The hormone is

Answer 27

Erythropoietin

Question 28

Some tumors such as renal cell carcinoma may inappropriately secrete high levels of erythropoietin. The result could be

Answer 28

Polycythemia

Question 29

this is the process in which red and white blood cells are formed

Answer 29

hematopoiesis

Question 30

erythrocytes are regulated by

Answer 30

kidney (erythropoetin)

Question 31

what percentage of RBC are replaced?

Answer 31

1% daily

Question 32

range of reticulocytes

Answer 32

0.5-1.5%

Question 33

stages of erythropoiesis

Answer 33

hemocytoblast preerythroblast early late normoblast reticulcyte erythrocyte

Question 34

normal erythrocyte value

Answer 34

normal erythrocyte value

Question 35

normal thrombocyte value

Answer 35

150-400K

Question 36

normal leukocyte value

Answer 36

5-10K

Question 37

where do you do bone marrow aspiration and biopsy?

Answer 37

posterior superior iliac crest

Question 38

structure of hemoglobin

Answer 38

heme = iron porphyrin globin = HbA, HbF

Question 39

what are the cell size terms?

Answer 39

normocytic macrocytic (B12, foliate) microcytic (iron def)

Question 40

what is the most common anemia

Answer 40

what is the most common anemia

Question 41

what is koilonychia

Answer 41

spoon-shaped nails

Question 42

this is a missense, beta chain mutation

Answer 42

sickle cell

Question 43

who is at an advantage for sickle cell disease?

Answer 43

heterozygotes for Hbs

Question 44

red cells only sickle in what conditions?

Answer 44

hypoxia

Question 45

what organisms have increased susceptibility in splenectomy?

Answer 45

pneumococcus pneumonia hemophilus influenzae

Question 46

the genetic defect in sickle cell is

Answer 46

autosomal recessive

Question 47

effect of the sickle cell anemia on the spleen is

Answer 47

autosplenectomy

Question 48

this is ineffective production of globin chains

Answer 48

thalassemia

Question 49

how many genes make up beta thalassemia?

Answer 49

2

Question 50

how many genes make up alpha thalasemmia?

Answer 50

4 chains

Question 51

ABO mismatch leads to

Answer 51

ABO mismatch leads to

Question 52

what is administed to Rh- women after Rh+ baby?

Answer 52

Rhogram (anti-D antoibody)

Question 53

in erythroblastosis fetalis, what teeth are affected?

Answer 53

primary teeth

Question 54

this is the most common human enzyme defect

Answer 54

G6P dehydrogenase deficiency

Question 55

G6PD deficiency is inherited how?

Answer 55

X-linked

Question 56

what organism causes malaria?

Answer 56

plasmodium falciparum (anopholes)

Question 57

this reflects iron store in bone marrow macrophages and liver

Answer 57

serum ferritin

Question 58

plummer-vinsion is what kind of anemia?

Answer 58

severe Fe deficiency

Question 59

what metabolism is required for Vitamin B12

Answer 59

cobalamin

Question 60

what is required for DNA synthesis?

Answer 60

folate

Question 61

folate deficieny produces an anemia that can be characterized as

Answer 61

macrolytic