Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

D2 Fall - Pathology Exam 2 > 9/24: Hemodynamics > Flashcards

9/24: Hemodynamics Flashcards

1
Q
  1. This is blood clotting that prevents excess bleeding after blood vessel damage
A

a. Hemostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q
  1. This is inappropriate clotting
A

a. Thrombosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q
  1. This is migration of clots
A

Embolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q
  1. Is hyperemia an active or passive process?
A

a. Active

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q
  1. Is congestion an active or passive process?
A

a. Passive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q
  1. This is an active process, arteriolar dilation, and increased blood flow
A

a. Hyperemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q
  1. Red color to blood =
A

a. Oxygenated hemoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q
  1. This is a passive process, impaired outflow of venous blood from a tissue
A

a. Congestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q
  1. blue/red color (cyanosis) =
A

a. Deoxygenated hemoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q
  1. This is the accumulation of intestinal fluid in the tissues
A

a. Edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q
  1. This is extravascular fluid that collects in body cavities
A

a. Effusions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q
  1. Pleura cavity effusion is
A

a. Hydrothorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q
  1. Pericardial cavity effusion is
A

a. Hydropericardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q
  1. Peritoneal cavity effusion is
A

a. Hydroperitoneum or ascites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q
  1. This is severe generalized edema due to fluid retention in tissues and cavities
A

Anasarca

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q
  1. What are the causes of edema?
A

a. Increased hydrostatic pressure
b. Reduced plasma osmotic pressure
c. Lymphatic obstruction
d. Sodium retention
e. Inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q
  1. What 2 pressures dictate fluid movement between vascular and interstitial spaces?
A

a. Vascular hydrostatic pressure
b. Colloid osmotic pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q
  1. Arterial outflow is normally balanced by what?
A

a. Inflow at the venous end

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q
  1. Lymphatic drainage goes through which compartment?
A

a. interstitial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q
  1. Increased hydrostatic pressure is usually caused by disorders that
A

a. Impaired venous return

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q
  1. What are examples of increased hydrostatic pressure?
A

a. Deep venous thrombosis
b. Congestive heart failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q
  1. Reduced plasma osmotic pressure may result from what?
A

a. Los in circulation or reduced synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q
  1. What are examples of reduced plasma osmotic pressure?
A

a. Nephrotic syndrome
b. Liver disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q
  1. This compromises resorption of fluid from interstitial spaces leading to edema
A

a. Lymphatic obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q
  1. What can cause lymphatic obstruction?
A

a. Inflammation
b. Neoplastic condition (like cancer)
c. Congenital lymphedema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q
  1. What are the stages of lymphedema?
A

a. Stage 1 - asymptomatic
b. Stage 2 - swelling
c. Stage 3 - permanent swelling
d. Stage 4 - lymphostatic elephantiasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q
  1. This is extravasation of blood from vessels
A

a. Hemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q
  1. What can cause hemorrhage?
A

a. Defective blood clot, trauma, etc…

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q
  1. This is a large collection of hemorrhage in a tissue
A

a. Hematoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q
  1. List the sizes of hemorrhage from smallest to largest
A

a. Petechiae
b. Purpura
c. Ecchymoses
d. hematoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q
  1. Petechiae is often a consequence of what?
A

a. Thrombocytopenia
b. Vitamin C deficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q
  1. What cells are the primary regulator of hemostasis?
A

a. Endothelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q
  1. What are the steps of clot formation?
A

a. Vasoconstriction
b. Platelet plug formation
c. Fibrin deposition
d. Clot stabilization and resorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q
  1. Platelets are fragments of what?
A

a. Megakaryocytes

35
Q
  1. Platelet adhesion is mediated by what?
A

a. Von willebrand factor

36
Q
  1. Congenital deficiency of platelet receptors may lead to
A

a. Bleeding disorders

37
Q

This is a series of amplifying enzymatic reactions that lead to the deposition of an insoluble fibrin clot

A

a. Coagulation cascade

38
Q
  1. What are the 2 pathways of the coagulation cascade?
A

a. Intrinsic
b. Extrinsic

39
Q
  1. This pathway is spontaneous and caused by internal injury to vascular endothelium
A

a. Intrinsic pathway

40
Q
  1. This pathway is activated by external trauma
A

a. Extrinsic pathway

41
Q
  1. This evaluates intrinsic pathway factors
A

a. Partial prothrombin time (PTT)

42
Q
  1. This evaluates the extrinsic pathway factors
A

a. Prothrombin time (PT)

43
Q
  1. What vitamin is important in coagulation and plays a key role in synthesis
A

a. Vitamin K

44
Q
  1. Vitamin K helps synthesis proteins _____ and ______
A

a. C and S

45
Q
  1. Proteins C and S are important for what?
A

a. Negative feedback regulation of the clotting cascade

46
Q
  1. Vitamin K deficiency causes what?
A

a. Increased bruising and bleeding

47
Q
  1. This is an anticoagulant medication
A

a. Warfarin

48
Q
  1. Warfarin is an antagonist for what?
A

a. Vitamin K

49
Q
  1. What drug inhibits clotting?
A

a. Warfarin

50
Q
  1. This is the most important coagulation factor
A

a. Thrombin

51
Q
  1. Thrombin converts what?
A

a. Fibrinogen into fibrin

52
Q
  1. What does thrombin do?
A

a. Converts fibrinogen into fibrin
b. Activates platelets

53
Q
  1. What factors can limit coagulation?
A

a. Dilution of blood
b. Negatively charged phospholipids
c. Limits size of clot

54
Q
  1. This serves as a barrier to platelets
A

Endothelium

55
Q
  1. What is the endothelium function in coagulation limitation?
A

a. Serve as barrier to platelets
b. Anticoagulant effects
c. Fibrinolytic effects

56
Q
  1. This is an endothelial injury that causes inappropriate clotting
A

Thrombosis

57
Q
  1. Do you have abnormal blood flow with thrombosis?
A

Yes

58
Q
  1. This is the abnormal high tendency for blood to clot
A

a. Hypercoagulability

59
Q
  1. Can thrombosis cause hypercoagulability?
A

Yes

60
Q
  1. What are the types of hypercoagulable disorders?
A

a. Primary (genetic)
b. Secondary (acquired)

61
Q
  1. These can develop anywhere in the cardiovascular system
A

a. Thrombi

62
Q
  1. These thrombi are at the site of injury and rich in platelets
A

a. Arterial thrombi

63
Q
  1. These thrombi are in the heart chamber or aorta
A

a. Cardiac mural thrombi

64
Q
  1. These thrombi are at sites of stasis
A

a. Venous thrombi

65
Q
  1. These are associated with thrombi and differentiate antemortem clots from postmortem clots
A

a. Lines of zahn

66
Q
  1. What thrombi contain high volumes of red blood cells
A

a. Venous thrombi

67
Q
  1. 90% of venous thrombi occur where?
A

a. In the legs

68
Q
  1. What is the process of thrombi?
A

a. Propagation: clot enlarges
b. Embolization: clot dislodged and moved by circulatory system
c. Dissolution: activation of fibrinolytic factors
d. Organization and recanalization: older thrombi are reorganized

69
Q
  1. In these veins, you get local congestion and swelling from impaired venous flow
A

a. Superficial veins

70
Q
  1. What is an example of superficial veins?
A

a. Varicose veins

71
Q
  1. In these veins, you get deep venous thrombosis, larger veins
A

a. Deep veins

72
Q
  1. Which veins may embolize to the lungs and be asymptomatic in 50% of patients?
A

a. Deep veins

73
Q
  1. What is a major cause of arterial and cardiac thrombosis?
A

a. Atherosclerosis

74
Q
  1. This is widespread thrombosis within microcirculation and results in excessive clotting and bleeding
A

a. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)

75
Q
  1. What may an embolism be?
A

a. Solid, liquid, gaseous mass carried by the blood from its point of origin to a distant area

76
Q
  1. What is the most common type of embolism?
A

a. Pulmonary embolism

77
Q
  1. This is an area of ischemic necrosis caused by occlusion of the vascular supply or the affected tissue
A

a. Infarction

78
Q
  1. Most infarctions are
A

a. Arterial thrombosis
b. Embolism

79
Q
  1. Infarction is classified according to
A

a. Color

80
Q
  1. Red infarct has what?
A

a. Hemorrhage in loose tissues

81
Q
  1. White infarct has what?
A

a. Arterial occlusion in solid organs

82
Q
  1. In wha organs may you see white infarct?
A

a. Heart, liver, spleen

83
Q
  1. This is a state in which diminished cardiac output or reduced effective circulating blood volume impairs tissue perfusion and leads to cellular hypoxia
A

Shock

84
Q
  1. What are the 3 types of shock?
A

a. Cardiac
b. Hypovolemic
c. Septic

D2 Fall - Pathology Exam 2 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions