10/7: Respiratory Pathology Flashcards
this is an area of airless pulmonary parenchyma due to collapse or incomplete expansion
atelectasis
what are the types of atelectasis?
resorption
compression
contraction
this is complete obstruction, mediastrium towards
resorption
this is fluid/air filling space preventing expansion, mediastium away
compression
what cells are found in hemodynamic edema?
hemodesrin-ladin macrophages (heart failure cells)
these diseases are characterized by an increase in resistance due to obstruction
obstructive lung disease
examples of obstructive disease
ephysema
chronic broncitis
asthma
bronchetitias
what makes up COPD?
emphsyema
chronic bronchitis
what groups are most susceptible for COPD?
women and AA
this is destruction of airway walls and enalrgement of airways distal to terminal bronchiole
emphysema
emphysema classification
centroacinar
panacinar
distal acinar
irregular
this emphysema is associated with alpha-1 trypsin deficiency
panacinar
what are the pathogensis of emphsema?
tabacco smoke
imbalance of proteases (elastase)
oxidative stress
describe alpha-1 deficiency
Pi on 14
homozygote = more likely for panacinar
you get not symptoms of emphysema until
1/3 lung affected
this is a chronic persistant cough
chronic bronchitis
what is asthma characterized by?
increased bronchoconstriction
increases mucus
atopic asmtha is what type of sensitivity
type 1 (IgE)
you see suptum and BAL speciemens that contain charcot-leyden crystals in what?
asthma
this is a recurring necrotizing infection that destorys smooth muscle and elastic tissue
bronchiectasis
this is a lung disease in the setting of mineral dusts, particles, and chemical fumes
pneumoconioses
what kind of diseases are restrictive?
pneumoconioses
silicosis
asbestos
coeal worker’s lung disease (penumoconoisis) is characterized by what?
anthrocosis
this pneumoconois is caused by inhaling crystalline silicone dioxide
silicosis
what is the most common occupational disease worldwide?
silicosis
this refers to a group of hydrate silicate crystals
asbestos
what are the types of asbestos?
serpentine
amphibole
this is a very common disease that causes 1/6s the deaths of the US
pulmonary infections
this is the most common cause of community-acquired pneumoniae
streptococcus pneumoniae
this is the most important cause of bacterial acute exacveration of COPD
haemophilus influenzae
this is the most common gram negative bacteria pneumonia
Klebsiella pneumoniae
this is found in water tanks, pipes
legionella pneumophilia
consolidation occurs in what 2 patterns?
bronchopneumonia
lobar pneumonia
what are the 4 stages of lobar pneumonia?
congestion
red hepatization
grey hepatization
resolution
this consolidation occupes parts of lobe
bronchopneumonia
this consolidation occupies the entire lobe
lobar pneumonia
Sar-CoV-2 is transmitted through
respiratory droplets
this is teh major cause of epidemics and pandemics
influenza virus
Type ___ influenza infects human, swine, birds, and horses
A
what is the characteristic of Primary tuberculosis?
Gohn Complex
this type of pneumonia occurs in a debilitated patient with diminished swallowing reflex
aspiration pneumonia
this type of pneumonia is when a patient is ill and on ventilator
hospital-acquire pneumonia
what is the most common cause of cancer mortality world wide?
lung cancer
this is caused by p53 mutations and tabacco smoking
SCC
this has the strongest association with smoking and from neuroendocrine cells
small cell carcinoma
this is similar to small cell carcinoma but without neuroendocrine cells
large cell carcinoma
this is any type of lung cancer that may spread to pleural space
metastatic lung carcinoma
what is the most common site of tumor metastasis
lung
squamous papillomas are caused by
HPV 6 and 11
how does laryngeal carcinoma work?
squamous hyperplasia –> dysplasia –> carcinoma