10/7: Respiratory Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

this is an area of airless pulmonary parenchyma due to collapse or incomplete expansion

A

atelectasis

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2
Q

what are the types of atelectasis?

A

resorption
compression
contraction

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3
Q

this is complete obstruction, mediastrium towards

A

resorption

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4
Q

this is fluid/air filling space preventing expansion, mediastium away

A

compression

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5
Q

what cells are found in hemodynamic edema?

A

hemodesrin-ladin macrophages (heart failure cells)

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6
Q

these diseases are characterized by an increase in resistance due to obstruction

A

obstructive lung disease

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7
Q

examples of obstructive disease

A

ephysema
chronic broncitis
asthma
bronchetitias

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8
Q

what makes up COPD?

A

emphsyema
chronic bronchitis

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9
Q

what groups are most susceptible for COPD?

A

women and AA

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10
Q

this is destruction of airway walls and enalrgement of airways distal to terminal bronchiole

A

emphysema

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11
Q

emphysema classification

A

centroacinar
panacinar
distal acinar
irregular

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12
Q

this emphysema is associated with alpha-1 trypsin deficiency

A

panacinar

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13
Q

what are the pathogensis of emphsema?

A

tabacco smoke
imbalance of proteases (elastase)
oxidative stress

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14
Q

describe alpha-1 deficiency

A

Pi on 14
homozygote = more likely for panacinar

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15
Q

you get not symptoms of emphysema until

A

1/3 lung affected

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16
Q

this is a chronic persistant cough

A

chronic bronchitis

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17
Q

what is asthma characterized by?

A

increased bronchoconstriction
increases mucus

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18
Q

atopic asmtha is what type of sensitivity

A

type 1 (IgE)

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19
Q

you see suptum and BAL speciemens that contain charcot-leyden crystals in what?

A

asthma

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20
Q

this is a recurring necrotizing infection that destorys smooth muscle and elastic tissue

A

bronchiectasis

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21
Q

this is a lung disease in the setting of mineral dusts, particles, and chemical fumes

A

pneumoconioses

21
Q

what kind of diseases are restrictive?

A

pneumoconioses
silicosis
asbestos

22
Q

coeal worker’s lung disease (penumoconoisis) is characterized by what?

A

anthrocosis

23
Q

this pneumoconois is caused by inhaling crystalline silicone dioxide

24
what is the most common occupational disease worldwide?
silicosis
25
this refers to a group of hydrate silicate crystals
asbestos
26
what are the types of asbestos?
serpentine amphibole
27
this is a very common disease that causes 1/6s the deaths of the US
pulmonary infections
28
this is the most common cause of community-acquired pneumoniae
streptococcus pneumoniae
29
this is the most important cause of bacterial acute exacveration of COPD
haemophilus influenzae
30
this is the most common gram negative bacteria pneumonia
Klebsiella pneumoniae
31
this is found in water tanks, pipes
legionella pneumophilia
32
consolidation occurs in what 2 patterns?
bronchopneumonia lobar pneumonia
33
what are the 4 stages of lobar pneumonia?
congestion red hepatization grey hepatization resolution
34
this consolidation occupes parts of lobe
bronchopneumonia
35
this consolidation occupies the entire lobe
lobar pneumonia
36
Sar-CoV-2 is transmitted through
respiratory droplets
37
this is teh major cause of epidemics and pandemics
influenza virus
38
Type ___ influenza infects human, swine, birds, and horses
A
39
what is the characteristic of Primary tuberculosis?
Gohn Complex
40
this type of pneumonia occurs in a debilitated patient with diminished swallowing reflex
aspiration pneumonia
41
this type of pneumonia is when a patient is ill and on ventilator
hospital-acquire pneumonia
42
what is the most common cause of cancer mortality world wide?
lung cancer
43
this is caused by p53 mutations and tabacco smoking
SCC
44
this has the strongest association with smoking and from neuroendocrine cells
small cell carcinoma
45
this is similar to small cell carcinoma but without neuroendocrine cells
large cell carcinoma
46
this is any type of lung cancer that may spread to pleural space
metastatic lung carcinoma
47
what is the most common site of tumor metastasis
lung
48
squamous papillomas are caused by
HPV 6 and 11
49
how does laryngeal carcinoma work?
squamous hyperplasia --> dysplasia --> carcinoma