10/7: Respiratory Pathology

Question 1

this is an area of airless pulmonary parenchyma due to collapse or incomplete expansion

Answer 1

atelectasis

Question 2

what are the types of atelectasis?

Answer 2

resorption
compression
contraction

Question 3

this is complete obstruction, mediastrium towards

Answer 3

resorption

Question 4

this is fluid/air filling space preventing expansion, mediastium away

Answer 4

compression

Question 5

what cells are found in hemodynamic edema?

Answer 5

hemodesrin-ladin macrophages (heart failure cells)

Question 6

these diseases are characterized by an increase in resistance due to obstruction

Answer 6

obstructive lung disease

Question 7

examples of obstructive disease

Answer 7

ephysema
chronic broncitis
asthma
bronchetitias

Question 8

what makes up COPD?

Answer 8

emphsyema
chronic bronchitis

Question 9

what groups are most susceptible for COPD?

Answer 9

women and AA

Question 10

this is destruction of airway walls and enalrgement of airways distal to terminal bronchiole

Answer 10

emphysema

Question 11

emphysema classification

Answer 11

centroacinar
panacinar
distal acinar
irregular

Question 12

this emphysema is associated with alpha-1 trypsin deficiency

Answer 12

panacinar

Question 13

what are the pathogensis of emphsema?

Answer 13

tabacco smoke
imbalance of proteases (elastase)
oxidative stress

Question 14

describe alpha-1 deficiency

Answer 14

Pi on 14
homozygote = more likely for panacinar

Question 15

you get not symptoms of emphysema until

Answer 15

1/3 lung affected

Question 16

this is a chronic persistant cough

Answer 16

chronic bronchitis

Question 17

what is asthma characterized by?

Answer 17

increased bronchoconstriction
increases mucus

Question 18

atopic asmtha is what type of sensitivity

Answer 18

type 1 (IgE)

Question 19

you see suptum and BAL speciemens that contain charcot-leyden crystals in what?

Answer 19

asthma

Question 20

this is a recurring necrotizing infection that destorys smooth muscle and elastic tissue

Answer 20

bronchiectasis

Question 21

this is a lung disease in the setting of mineral dusts, particles, and chemical fumes

Answer 21

pneumoconioses

Question 21

what kind of diseases are restrictive?

Answer 21

pneumoconioses
silicosis
asbestos

Question 22

coeal worker’s lung disease (penumoconoisis) is characterized by what?

Answer 22

anthrocosis

Question 23

this pneumoconois is caused by inhaling crystalline silicone dioxide

Answer 23

silicosis

Question 24

what is the most common occupational disease worldwide?

Answer 24

silicosis

Question 25

this refers to a group of hydrate silicate crystals

Answer 25

asbestos

Question 26

what are the types of asbestos?

Answer 26

serpentine amphibole

Question 27

this is a very common disease that causes 1/6s the deaths of the US

Answer 27

pulmonary infections

Question 28

this is the most common cause of community-acquired pneumoniae

Answer 28

streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 29

this is the most important cause of bacterial acute exacveration of COPD

Answer 29

haemophilus influenzae

Question 30

this is the most common gram negative bacteria pneumonia

Answer 30

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Question 31

this is found in water tanks, pipes

Answer 31

legionella pneumophilia

Question 32

consolidation occurs in what 2 patterns?

Answer 32

bronchopneumonia lobar pneumonia

Question 33

what are the 4 stages of lobar pneumonia?

Answer 33

congestion red hepatization grey hepatization resolution

Question 34

this consolidation occupes parts of lobe

Answer 34

bronchopneumonia

Question 35

this consolidation occupies the entire lobe

Answer 35

lobar pneumonia

Question 36

Sar-CoV-2 is transmitted through

Answer 36

respiratory droplets

Question 37

this is teh major cause of epidemics and pandemics

Answer 37

influenza virus

Question 38

Type ___ influenza infects human, swine, birds, and horses

Answer 38

A

Question 39

what is the characteristic of Primary tuberculosis?

Answer 39

Gohn Complex

Question 40

this type of pneumonia occurs in a debilitated patient with diminished swallowing reflex

Answer 40

aspiration pneumonia

Question 41

this type of pneumonia is when a patient is ill and on ventilator

Answer 41

hospital-acquire pneumonia

Question 42

what is the most common cause of cancer mortality world wide?

Answer 42

lung cancer

Question 43

this is caused by p53 mutations and tabacco smoking

Answer 43

SCC

Question 44

this has the strongest association with smoking and from neuroendocrine cells

Answer 44

small cell carcinoma

Question 45

this is similar to small cell carcinoma but without neuroendocrine cells

Answer 45

large cell carcinoma

Question 46

this is any type of lung cancer that may spread to pleural space

Answer 46

metastatic lung carcinoma

Question 47

what is the most common site of tumor metastasis

Answer 47

lung

Question 48

squamous papillomas are caused by

Answer 48

HPV 6 and 11

Question 49

how does laryngeal carcinoma work?

Answer 49

squamous hyperplasia --> dysplasia --> carcinoma