Pathology

Question 1

Coagulation necrosis

Answer 1

Ischaemic injury

Question 2

Colliquative necrosis

Answer 2

In brain due to lack of storms

Question 3

Caseous necrosis

Answer 3

Characteristics of tb

Question 4

Gangerenous necrosis

Answer 4

Necrosis due to bacteria

Question 5

Fibrinoid necrosis

Answer 5

Malignant hypertension

Question 6

Apoptosis

Answer 6

Energy dependent process for unwanted cells.
Shrinkage
Blebbing of cells
Phagocytosis by neigbour cells

Question 7

Necrosis

Answer 7

Pathological
Lyric enzymes leak
Swelling and lysis
Phagocytosis by neutrophils

Question 8

Labels cells

Answer 8

Those that regenerate well

Question 9

Autograft
Allograft
Xenografts

Answer 9

Auto - own
Allo- cadaver
Zeno- animal

Question 10

Dysplasia

Answer 10

Cells not maturing

Question 11

Atrophy

Answer 11

Decrease in size due to loss or reduction

Question 12

Reversible cell damage

Answer 12

Swelling and fatty acids

Question 13

Permanent cell damage

Answer 13

Disruption of cell membrane coagulation of protein

Nucleus becomes small and dense

Question 14

Hypertrophy

Answer 14

Increase in size of cells

Question 15

Hyperplasia

Answer 15

Increase in cells due to increased reproduction

Question 16

Dysplasia

Answer 16

Abnormal tissue/cells

Question 17

Metaplasia

Answer 17

Change from one cell to another

Question 18

Results of saline

Answer 18

Hyperchloraemic metabolic acidosis

Question 19

Atropine and post op

Answer 19

Most common drug to cause post op delerium

Question 20

Anaphylactic reaction

Answer 20

Activation of mast cells not immune mediated

Question 21

What activates complement system

Answer 21

Bacteria

Question 22

Parotid gland production

Answer 22

High calcium and phosphate

Question 23

IgM

Answer 23

1st response to immune, shows ongoing infections.

IgG replaces igM

Question 24

Multiplicative growth

Answer 24

Increase in number of cells

All tissues during embryology

Question 25

Auxetic

Answer 25

Increase in size of cells | E.g in muscle

Question 26

Accretionary

Answer 26

Increase in intercellular tissue component | E.g growing bones

Question 27

Hyposplasia

Answer 27

Failure of an organ to attain its normal size

Question 28

Warfarin in pregnancy

Answer 28

Nasal/facial abnormalities

Question 29

Cell atypia

Answer 29

Pleonorphism High nuclear cystoplasmic ratio Hyperchromatic nuclei

Question 30

Shcistomiasis

Answer 30

Squamous metaplasia

Question 31

Inflammation stages

Answer 31

Vascular - change in permeability and calibre Exudative cellular - adhesion of neutrophils, chemotaxis Outcome- resolution, suppurations, organisation, chronic inflammation u

Question 32

Serous inflammation

Answer 32

Abundant protein rich fluid with low cellular content | Synovitis, peritonitis

Question 33

Catarrhal inflammation

Answer 33

Mucus membranes - common cold

Question 34

Fibrinous inflammation

Answer 34

Exudate contains fibrinogen | Pericarditis

Question 35

Haemorrhaging inflammation

Answer 35

Accompanied by vascular injury Haemorrhagic peritonitis Meningoccoal septi

Question 36

Supparative inflammation

Answer 36

Pus

Question 37

Membranous inflammation

Answer 37

Epithelium Coated membrane with cells | Diphtheria - grey pharynx

Question 38

Pseudomembranous

Answer 38

C.diff

Question 39

Necrotising inflammation

Answer 39

Gangrene

Question 40

Thrombus

Answer 40

Solid mass formed in living circulation Embolism - abnormal mass of undissolved material passes in the bloodstream from one part to another

Question 41

Gas embolism

Answer 41

Injection of air > 100ml Neck vein injuries Decompression sickness

Question 42

Infarction

Answer 42

White Usually due to arteries occlusion of end arteries Red due to venousninfarcts in loose tissue

Question 43

Malignant signs

Answer 43

Rapid growth ``` High mitotic rate Differs from parent site Infiltrating Cells abnormal Ulceration Necrosis ```

Question 44

Carcinoma bs adenocarcinoma

Answer 44

Carcinoma- Malignant epithelial neoplasm Adenocarcinoma - glandular

Question 45

Adenoma vs papilloma

Answer 45

Adenoma glandular Papill- non glandular