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Mrcs > Pathology > Flashcards

Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Coagulation necrosis

A

Ischaemic injury

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2
Q

Colliquative necrosis

A

In brain due to lack of storms

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3
Q

Caseous necrosis

A

Characteristics of tb

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4
Q

Gangerenous necrosis

A

Necrosis due to bacteria

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5
Q

Fibrinoid necrosis

A

Malignant hypertension

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6
Q

Apoptosis

A

Energy dependent process for unwanted cells.
Shrinkage
Blebbing of cells
Phagocytosis by neigbour cells

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7
Q

Necrosis

A

Pathological
Lyric enzymes leak
Swelling and lysis
Phagocytosis by neutrophils

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8
Q

Labels cells

A

Those that regenerate well

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9
Q

Autograft
Allograft
Xenografts

A

Auto - own
Allo- cadaver
Zeno- animal

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10
Q

Dysplasia

A

Cells not maturing

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11
Q

Atrophy

A

Decrease in size due to loss or reduction

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12
Q

Reversible cell damage

A

Swelling and fatty acids

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13
Q

Permanent cell damage

A

Disruption of cell membrane coagulation of protein

Nucleus becomes small and dense

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14
Q

Hypertrophy

A

Increase in size of cells

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15
Q

Hyperplasia

A

Increase in cells due to increased reproduction

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16
Q

Dysplasia

A

Abnormal tissue/cells

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17
Q

Metaplasia

A

Change from one cell to another

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18
Q

Results of saline

A

Hyperchloraemic metabolic acidosis

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19
Q

Atropine and post op

A

Most common drug to cause post op delerium

20
Q

Anaphylactic reaction

A

Activation of mast cells not immune mediated

21
Q

What activates complement system

A

Bacteria

22
Q

Parotid gland production

A

High calcium and phosphate

23
Q

IgM

A

1st response to immune, shows ongoing infections.

IgG replaces igM

24
Q

Multiplicative growth

A

Increase in number of cells

All tissues during embryology

25
Q

Auxetic

A

Increase in size of cells

E.g in muscle

26
Q

Accretionary

A

Increase in intercellular tissue component

E.g growing bones

27
Q

Hyposplasia

A

Failure of an organ to attain its normal size

28
Q

Warfarin in pregnancy

A

Nasal/facial abnormalities

29
Q

Cell atypia

A

Pleonorphism
High nuclear cystoplasmic ratio
Hyperchromatic nuclei

30
Q

Shcistomiasis

A

Squamous metaplasia

31
Q

Inflammation stages

A

Vascular - change in permeability and calibre

Exudative cellular - adhesion of neutrophils, chemotaxis

Outcome- resolution, suppurations, organisation, chronic inflammation u

32
Q

Serous inflammation

A

Abundant protein rich fluid with low cellular content

Synovitis, peritonitis

33
Q

Catarrhal inflammation

A

Mucus membranes - common cold

34
Q

Fibrinous inflammation

A

Exudate contains fibrinogen

Pericarditis

35
Q

Haemorrhaging inflammation

A

Accompanied by vascular injury

Haemorrhagic peritonitis
Meningoccoal septi

36
Q

Supparative inflammation

A

Pus

37
Q

Membranous inflammation

A

Epithelium Coated membrane with cells

Diphtheria - grey pharynx

38
Q

Pseudomembranous

A

C.diff

39
Q

Necrotising inflammation

A

Gangrene

40
Q

Thrombus

A

Solid mass formed in living circulation

Embolism - abnormal mass of undissolved material passes in the bloodstream from one part to another

41
Q

Gas embolism

A

Injection of air > 100ml
Neck vein injuries
Decompression sickness

42
Q

Infarction

A

White Usually due to arteries occlusion of end arteries

Red due to venousninfarcts in loose tissue

43
Q

Malignant signs

A

Rapid growth

High mitotic rate 
Differs from parent site 
Infiltrating 
Cells abnormal
Ulceration 
Necrosis
44
Q

Carcinoma bs adenocarcinoma

A

Carcinoma- Malignant epithelial neoplasm

Adenocarcinoma - glandular

45
Q

Adenoma vs papilloma

A

Adenoma glandular

Papill- non glandular

Mrcs (11 decks)

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