Head & Neck Flashcards by Jessica James

Trigeminal nerve and branches

V1 - frontal ( superior orbital and trochlear), lacrimal, nasocilliary ( ethmoid, ciliary, infratrochlear)

V2 - zygomatics (temporal and facial), infra orbital, greater and lesser palatine, superior labia

V3 - muscles mastication, mylohyoid (anterior diagstric) buccal, inf alveolar, temperoauricular, tensor tympani/palatine, lingual (sensation tongue)

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Muscles of tongue and nerves

Genioglossus stick out
Stylpglossus restract
Hyioglossus down

= hypoglossal
Palatoglossus = pharyngeal plexus - up

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Muscles supplied by ansa cervicalis

Omohyiod
Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid

Geniohyoid and thyrohyoid = C1

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Pharyngeal muscles and nerves

Pharyngeal plexus
Palatoglossus
Salpingpharyngeus
Palatopharyngeus

IX GLOSSPHARNGEAL = stylopharyngeus

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Contents of cavernous sinus

Abducens and ECA

Lateral
III, IV, V1, V2

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Horners

Ptosis and constricted pupil

III- dilated pupil

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Parasympathetic cranial nerves

III, VII, X, IX

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ECA BRANCHES

Ascending pharngeal 
Superior thyroid 
Occipital 
Facial
Lingual
Maxiallary 
Posterior auricular 
Superior temporal

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ICA BRANCHES

Middle/anterior cerebral
Opthalmic 
Meningeal
Anterior choroid 
Posterior communicating 
Hypophyseal

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Submandibular gland nerves

Lingual
Marginal mandibular
Mylohyoid
Hypoglossal

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Pharyngeal pouch

Cricopharngeal

Thyropharygneus

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Beahrs triangle

Inferior thyroid artery

CCA

Trachea

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Reidals thyroiditis

Inflammatory, multi system

Woody nodule

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Subclavian branches

Thyrocervial - inferior thyroid 
Long thoracic - superior epigastric 
Vetebral - basilar - labyrinth 
Dorsal scapular 
Costocervial

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Ear lymph drainage

Upper lateral half = superficial parotid
Cranial superior half = mastitis and deep cervical
Lower/lobule= superficial cervical

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Nerves at risk from endarterectomy

Hypoglossal 
Superior ansa 
Greater auricular 
Superior laryngeal
Greater auricle 
Lingual

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Lacrimal gland

Lacrimal branch of opthalmic
Innervated by parasympathetic fibres of pterygopalatine travel on zygomatic or lacrimal nerves.
Preganglionic travel in greater petrosal nerve

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Lacunar infarct

Perforating arteries

Hemiparesis or hemisesory or limb ataxia

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Medullary/wallenbergs infarct

Ipsilateral - cranial nerve, ataxia

Contralateral - sensory

Weber’s syndrome

Cranial 3

Contralateral weakness

Anterior circulation

MCA OR ACA

Hemiparesis
Higher function
Hononymous heminopia

Lateral geniculate nucleus

Vision

Trotters triad

Nasopharyngeal cancer
Unilateral conductive hearing loss
Ipsilateral facial/ear pain
Ipsilateral paralysis of soft palate

Otic ganglion

Passes through ovale foramen. Associated with glossopharngeal for parotid innervation

Ciliary ganglion

III lens and pupil | Also know s as Edinger-westpal nucleus

Sphenopalatine ganglion

VII

Pelvic ganglion

Greater and lesser petrosal nerves

Greater = VII superior salivatory nucleus Lesser IX inferior

Facial UMN vs LMN palsy’s

UMN forehead sparing (cortical bulbar) | LMN (pons) - acoustic neuroma, trauma, parotidectomy.

Anterior vs posterior pituitary

Anterior - ratkeys pouch - ectoderm. Hypophyseal portal system Posterior neural tube - axons from hypothalamus

Unpaired sinus

Sagital Confluent Straight

Ear innervation

Auricular X - Tragus Auriculotemperal V3- superior 1/3 Lesser occipital c2- middle Greater auricular c2- lower

Littles area

Labial Ethmoid Greater palatine Shenopalatine

Brocas and wernickes

Broca- expressive aphasia | Wernickes receptive aphasia

Submandibular

Lingaual nerve Marginal mandibular Mylohyoid nerve Hypoglossal nerve Mylohyoid separates

Phrenic and vagus

Phrenic lateral to vagus Phrenic anterior to anterior scalene posterior to vein. Enters middle mediastinum Vagus posterior mediastinum

Superior and middle thyroid vein

drains to IJV Inferior to brachiocephalic

Laryngeal cancer

Offer above glottis T1/2- transoral lazer/ robotic/ radiotherapy > t2 - partial/total laryngectomy

Neuroblastoma

Neural crest tumour Raccoon eyes, blueberry muffin rash Urinary VMA

Fna

Cytology only

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

Common modular sclerosis Lymphocyte dominant = best prognosis Mixed often extra nodal Ann Arbor criteria

Acoustic neuroma

Benign Internal meatus Cerebellopontine angle

Berry aneurysms

Anterior communicating

Location IJV

Between sternal and clavicle head of scm for insertingncentral line

Superior thyroid

4th pouch