Pathology Flashcards
________ is calcium infiltration into normal tissues (ex. Hypervitaminosis D)
Metastatic calcification
________ is calcium infiltration into abnormal/damaged tissue (ex. atherosclerosis or atheroma…damage to tunica intima)
Dystrophic calcification
________ necrosis occurs from TB
Caseous
________ occurs when a membrane is injured which effects ionic transfer. Albuminous.
Cloudy Swelling
________ necrosis is associated with infarction (MI)
Coagulation
Pancreas issues can be associated with ________ degeneration
Enzymatic
A “nutmeg liver” and “Tabby cat heart” both have to do with ________ degeneration
Fatty
________ necrosis can be the result of the brain “melting”, tertiary syphilis, leprosy and can also occur to the skin due to certain infections
Liquefaction
________ degeneration affects the peripheral nerves and the degeneration occurs next to the Node of Ranvier
Wallerian
________ degeneration is most common in skeletal muscle and is where the muscle is replaced by hyaline
Zenker’s (waxy)
Match the following terms with their description
Term——————–Description
Karyolysis————Nuclear condensation
Karyorrhexis——–Nuclear rupture
Pyknosis————–Nuclear swelling
Term——————–Description
Karyolysis————Nuclear rupture
Karyorrhexis——–Nuclear swelling
Pyknosis————–Nuclear condensation
________ is the absence of an organ (usually a paired organ)
Agenesis
________ is where small remnants of an organ is present (but the organ lacks full development)
Aplasia
________ is where the organ forms smaller than normal and is defective
Hypoplasia
________ is a decrease in size (due to disuse). Seen most commonly in muscle
Atrophy
________ in an increase in size (ex. muscle exercise)
Hypertrophy
________ is an increase in number of cells
Hyperplasia
________ is a change from one cell type to another (ex. happens in the lung tissue with smokers)
Metaplasia
________ is a change in size, shape/function of a cell and is the last stage before precancerous stage (but is still reversible)
Dysplasia
________ is the complete disorganization of a cell (cancer)
Anaplasia
Match the following type of collagen to where its found in the body
Collagen——-Location
Type 1———–Disc (Nucleus Pulp.)
Type 2———-Basement Membrane
Type 3———-Bone, Msc, Tendons, Ligs, Ann. Fibrosus
Type 4———-Spleen/Lymph nodes
Collagen-------Location Type 1-----------Bone, Msc, Tendons, Ligs, Ann. Fibrosus Type 2----------Disc (Nucleus Pulp.) Type 3----------Spleen/Lymph nodes Type 4----------Basement Membrane
Type ________ collagen is reticular collagen
3
________ is a pneumoconiosis from sand, rock or glass
Silicosis
________ is a pneumoconiosis that leads to mesothelioma and malignant tumors
Asbestosis
________ is a pneumoconiosis from iron
Siderosis
________ is a pneumoconiosis from cotton dust
Byssinosis
________ is a pneumoconiosis from mining coal
Anthracosis
________ is an endemic fungus on the eastern seaboard (Florida to Nova Scotia)
Blastomycosis
Match the following
Silicosis——————Caplans’ Syndrome
Byssinosis—————Ohio/Mississippi Valley fever
Anthracosis————-Rocky Quarry disease
Hystomycosis———-San Joaquin Valley fever
Coccidiomycosis—–Brown Lung
Silicosis——————Rocky Quarry disease
Byssinosis—————Brown Lung
Anthracosis————-Caplans’ Syndrome
Hystomycosis———-Ohio/Mississippi Valley fever
Coccidiomycosis—–San Joaquin Valley fever
If sputum analysis yields “Curshmann’s Spirals” or “Charcot Leyden Crystals” then you likely have ________
Asthma
________ affects chloride channels and is associated with salty baby syndrome and affects the GI and respiratory mucus linings and exocrine secreations
Cystic Fibrosis
________ is where iron gets into lungs due to bleeding
Hemosiderosis
________ leads to honeycomb lung
Pulmonary fibrosis
________ leads to caseous necrosis in the lungs, ghon complex/lesions, granulomas, epithelioid histiocytes and, if spread to the spine = Pott’s disease (and Gibbus deformity if collapsed vertebra
TB
________ is associated with vasculitis of the lung and kidney
Wegener’s granulomatosis
________ is associated with alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency
Emphysema
________ is increased nitrogen in the blood and could be due to decreased tubular excretion of nitrogen
Azotemia
________ is most commonly caused by prostate problems or ureter stones
Hydronephrosis
aka Nephrolithiasis
Kidney stone
Most common kidney stone is ________
calcium oxalate
Increased RBCs (and maybe a little protein) in the urine indicates ________
Nephritic Syndrome
Increased proteins in the urine indicates ________
Nephrotic Syndrome
________ is associated with moth-eaten appearance (think soft tissue, not lytic bone tumor)
Polycystic kidney
________ is associated with acute tubular necrosis
Shock
________ is a mixed tumor (malignant nephroblastoma) of the kidney in children
Wilm’s
________ is due to decreased cortisol and is associated with low blood pressure, hyperpigmentation due to increased MSH and fatigue
a. Addison’s
b. Conn’s
c. Cushing’s
d. Goiter
a. Addison’s
________ is due to excess aldosterone and is associated with ypertension and water retention
a. Addison’s
b. Conn’s
c. Cushing’s
d. Goiter
b. Conn’s
________ is due to excess aldosterone and is associated with hyperadrenia, moon face, buffalo hump, purple striae and central obesity
a. Addison’s
b. Conn’s
c. Cushing’s
d. Goiter
c. Cushing’s
________ is due to hyperplasia of thyroid cells due to lack of iodine
a. Addison’s
b. Conn’s
c. Cushing’s
d. Goiter
d. Goiter
________ is due to hyperthyoroidism and causes exophthalmoses, heat intolerance, weight loss, tachycardia and hair loss
a. Graves Disease
b. Hashimoto
c. Myxedema
d. Cushin’s
a. Graves Disease
________ is due to an autoimmune disorder and leads to hypothyroidism
a. Graves Disease
b. Hashimoto
c. Myxedema
d. Cushin’s
b. Hashimoto
________ is associated with hypothyroidism, causes cretinism in a child, cold intolerance, weight gain, bradycardia, loss of lateral 1/3 of eyebrows, and slow mental faculties
a. Graves Disease
b. Hashimoto
c. Myxedema
d. Cushin’s
c. Myxedema
________ cancer is associated with HPV
Cervical
________ can cause testicular cancer
Cryptorchidism
The ovary is the most common site for ________
Endometriosis
________ is a condition where the urethra exits on the dorsal surface of the penis
Epispadia
________ is a condition where the urethra exits on the ventral surface of the penis
Hypospadia
Increased ________ is associated with pregnancy or a hydatidiform mole (non-viable embryo that has implanted)
HCG
________ is a tumor of smooth muscle (ex. uterine fibroids)
Leiomyoma
________ is associated with anovulation,obesity, hirsutism (esp. hair on body and face)
Polycystic ovary disease
________ is associated with mesenchymal/stem cell and is the most common cause of testicular cancer
Seminoma