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Dermatology > Pathology > Flashcards

Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the aetiolgoy of Acne Vulgaris?

A

Androgens increase during puberty

Androgens increase the sensitvity of sebaceous glands

Keratin plugs the pilosebaceous unit

Infection with anaerobic bacteria

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2
Q

What does papillomatosis mean?

A

Irregular epithelial thickening

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3
Q

What is Pemphigus?

A

Rare autoimmune disease

Loss of intergrity of epidermal cell adhesion

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4
Q

What does Acanthosis mean?

A

Increased thickness of the epithelium

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5
Q

Give an example of a disease which undergos Spongiotic-intraepidermal oedema

A

Eczema

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6
Q
A
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7
Q

What is bullous Pemphigoid?

A

Its like pemphigus vulgaris but it attacks hemidesmosomes anchoring basal cells to the basement membrane

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8
Q

Where you find langerhan cells?

A

Upper 2/3rds of the epidermis

They are sentinals

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9
Q

What is this?

A

Lichenoid Planus

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10
Q

Where would you normally find melanocytes?

A

In the basal layer

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11
Q

What is the hallmark of Dermatitis Herpetiformis?

A

Papillary dermal microabscesses

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12
Q

What happens in Pemphibus Vulgaris?

A

IgG auto antibodies against desoglein 3

Desmosomal attachments break down resulting in Acantholysis

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13
Q

What other autoimmune disease is associated with Dermatitis Herpetiformis?

A

Coelliac Disease

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14
Q

What does hyperkeratosis mean?

A

Increased thickness of keratin

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15
Q

What does parakeratosis mean?

A

Persistence of nuclei in keratin layer

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16
Q

What is Normal Epidermis?

A

Stratified keratinising squamous epithelium

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17
Q

What is characteristic of Lichenoid disorders?

A

Damage to basal epidermis

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18
Q

What are the 4 main reaction patterns ?

A

Spongiotic-intraepidermal oedema

Psoriasifrom-elongation of the rete ridges

Lichenoid-basal layer damage

Vesiculobullous-blistering

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19
Q

What is the reaction pattern of psoriasis?

A

Psoriasiform-elongation of the rete ridges

20
Q

What is Dermatitis Herpetiformis?

A

Autoimmune bullous disease resulting in intensely itchy symmetrical lesions

21
Q

What is acantholysis?

A

Loss of desmosomal attatchments resulting in seperation of Keratin layer

22
Q

What is the Koebner Phenomenon?

A

Psoriasis developes in area of skin trauma

23
Q

What is Ausitz sign?

A

Removal of psoriatic plaque reveals tiny bleeding points

24
Q

What does this show?

A

Subungal hyperkeratosis

25
What does this show?
Onycholysis | (nail lifting)
26
What would you definetly not find in rosacea?
Comedones
27
How do you manage rosacea?
Avoid sun exposure Metronidazole oral tetracycline
28
How do you treat lichen planus?
mild to potent topical Steroids
29
Nikolsk's sign
Layers of the skin slip n side if you rub them (Nikolsky loves a slip n slide)
30
Is Bullous Pemphigoid Nikosky sign negative or positive?
Negative In bullous pemphigoid its the basement membrane that is detached
31
Is Pemphigus Vulgaris Nikolsky sign positive or negative?
Nikolsky sign positive
32
Define Pruritus
A usually unpleasant, poorly localised, non-adapting sensation that provokes the desire to scratch
33
Where is the itch sensation processed?
Forebrain and the hypothalamus
34
What are the four types of itch?
Pruritoceptive - Inflamation Neuropathic - Nerve damage Neurogenic - Non nerve damage but opiate effects on CNS receptors Psychogenic- Psychological causes with no CNS damage
35
What are the two main types of skin cancer?
Non- melanoma (basal cell and squamous cell) Melanoma
36
What are the cut offs for Melanoma depth and survival rate?
less than 1mm - 95% Greater than 4mm - 50% Metastases - 5%
37
What is the ABCDE rule for Melanoma
Asymmetry Border Colour Diameter Evoloution
38
What is the classical appearance of a Basal cell carcinoma?
Slow growing lump or non-healing ulcer Painless "pearly" or translucent visible blood vessles Central ulceration
39
Do basal cell carcinomas usually metastasise
No , it is very rare
40
What is the classical appearance of Squamous Cell Carcinomas
Hyoerkeratotic lump or ulcer Grows fast Can be sore 5 % metastasis - very dangerous
41
What are Actinic Keratoses?
Sun spots which indicate an area of increased risk of non melanoma skin cancer
42
What is Xeroderma Pigmentosum?
Genetic defect resulting in photosensitvity meaning you get a bunch of skin cancers
43
What are Actinic Lentigines?
"liver spots" increased melanin and basal melanocytes Related to UV exposure
44
What seborrhoeic Keratosis?
Benign proliferation of epidermal keratinocytes
45
What is the classical apearance of Seborrhoeic Keratosis?
Stuck on appearance
46
What is normal ankle/brachial pressure index?
0.8 - 1.3
47

Dermatology (11 decks)

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