Pathology Flashcards
A mech. of pulmonary edema, characteristic of congestive heart failure is ______?
Increased hydrostatic pressure
Which of these is a large cell that is present in an area of chronic granulomatous inflammation and has many nuclei scattered in it’s cytoplasm?
Macrophage
Spontaneous V. compression fract. & predisposition to hip/wrist fractures are likely to result from?
Osteoporosis
35 year old white male presents with progressive dementia & signs/symptoms indicative of an extrapyramidal lesion - the most likely diagnosis is ______?
Huntington disease
Fatty liver, edema & atrophy of will. of small bowel are characteristic of which disorder?
Kwashiorkor
Which disease affects small/med. sized arteries, particularly renal and visceral. but spares pulmonary system?
Systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE)
If kidneys & pulmonary = goodpastures
What does Myastemia Gravis affect first?
Eyes
Enlargement of the air spaces distal to terminal bronchioles, destruction of alveolar walls and minimal fibrosis describes?
Emphysema (lack of A-1 antitrypsin)
Paralysis agitans (Parkinson’s disease) is caused by degenerative lesions of the ____?
Basal Ganglia ( dopamine/substantia nigra)
Serum alkaline phosphatase, calcium and phosphorus levels are characteristically within normal limits in which of these disorders?
Osteoperosis (all blood levels are normal)
- Osteitis fibrosa cystica - Brown’s tumor - PTH; elevates Ca
- Osteitis deformans - AKA Paget’s disease - Lacuna of Howship problem; 1st symptom head gets bigger.
What causes subchondral sclerosis that accompanies osteoarthritis?
Loss of articular cartilage
Perikaryon of a neuron whose axon has been severed undergoes _____?
Central chromatolysis
- axon gets cut = wullarcu degeneration AKA Central chromatolysis
- whole CNS = liquifactive
Accumulation of fluid in the alveoli is known as _____?
Pulmonary edema
What initiates Kinin cascade that eventually produces bradykinin?
Histamine
Which of these is a highly malignant humor, occuring primarily in cerebellum of children?
Medulloblastoma
- Astrocytoma = best prognosis
- Glioblastoma = worst prognosis
When the male urethra opens on dorsum it’s called _____?
Epispadias
Phenochromocytoma is a tumor of the ______?
Adrenal medulla (unilateral)
The inflamatory neuropathy that characterizes _____ is likely to resolve over time
Guillain-Barre Syndrome
- Schwann cells myelinate PNS; it will grow back if demyelinated = Guillain-Barre
- If you demyelnate a CNS it doesn’t grow back = MS
MC location of Meckel’s diverticulum is the ______?
Ileum (cull-d-sac’s in small intestine)
What’s the MC location of pathology in patients with non-iatrogenic Cushing’s Syndrome?
Pituitary gland (makes ACTH)
Which of these lesions is most often predispose to aortic dissection?
Medial degeneration (AKA familial thoracic dissection)
- Marfans = Aortic dissection
- Granulamatous arteritis = takyasu’s arteritis (“pulseless disease”)
Which of these pathological findings results from excessive alcohol consumption & is usually fully reversible when abstention of alcohol is practiced?
Fatty Liver
Which condition results from a congenital defect in collagen synthesis?
Ehlers - Danlos Syndrome
Vasomotor instability, trophic skin changes, and demineralization of bone characterize _______.
RSD (reflex sympathetic dystrophy)
*Marfan’s Syndrome = _____ leis
*Scleroderma - tight skin disease; can get reabsorption of distal phalynx
↪ “Crest syndrome”
C= Calcinosis; R= Renaud’s disease; E= Esophageal Variscocetes; S= Scleroderma; T= Telangitasia (spider angioma) MUST HAVE all 5 to have CREST!!
What of these factors is most likely complication of varicocele?
Infertility
A myxoma is the MC primary tumor of the ____?
Heart
Which condition is most likelt in a 25 y.o with Reed Sternberg cells?
Hodgkins Lymphoma
Most common cause of suppurative arthritis in young adults?
Gonococcal
Incidence of which condition is directly corelated with cigarette smoking?
Thromboangiitis obliterans = Burgers disease
Which disorder of the intestinal lumen markedly narrowed, causing passage of thin stream of barium & the subsequent appearance of the string sign during diagnostic imaging?
Crohn’s disease; (skip lesions= cobble stone appearance)
↪ Scarring due to chronic inflamation; no blood in diarrhea; AKA = Proximal ilitis (right sided)
↪ Ulcerative collitis = left sided & bloody
Which condition is muscle weakness the result of inadequate release of acetylcholine?
Botulism
Which factors results in primary immunodeficiency?
Di George’s Syndrome
Folic acid deficency affects ____ and causes ____?
Cell division; macrocytic
Hypogycemia is most likely to accompany what condition?
Addison’s disease
Chocolate cysts of ovaries =
Endometriosis
What’s described as the escape of fluid, proteins, and blood cells from the vascular system into the interstitial tissues during inflammatory process?
Exudation
Primary pathology of chronic bronchitis?
Hypertrophy if mucous glands
Which of these is characterized by deficiency of homogentistic oxidase, resulting in a blockage of tyrosine metabolism?
Phenylketouria (PKU)
The cellular necrosis pattern in which basophilia of chromatin fade is known as ____?
Pyknosis
Invagination of a portion of the intestine into an adjoining segment is known as?
Intussuception
Leukamoid reaction occurs in ____?
Severe pyogenic infection
In addition to ↑ hydrostatic pressure, which contributes to cardiac edema?
Damaged vascular endothelium
What disorder results in hemosiderin - laden macrophage in the lungs?
Chronic Pulmonary Congestion
What’s most common congenital cardiac anomaly?
Ventricular septal defect
What tumor displays cytologic features of malignancy but is pre-invasive?
Carcinoma in Situ
What structure is MC site for atherosclerotic aneurysm?
Abdominal aorta
What type of arthritis is disorder of cartilage?
Osteo arthritis
The sclera is blue in ____?
Osteogenisis imperfecta
Osteolytic metastis in adult male is most likely to originate from which primary site?
Prostate (#1)
(Lung #2)
Female: breast = #1
lung= #2
Pannus formation =
Rheumatoid arthritis
Antibodies are made to double stranded DNA is ____?
SLE (systemic lupus erythmatosis)
Antibodies to acetyl choline =
Mysathenia gravis
Nodes @ DIPS =
Heberden’s nodes
Condition that causes claudication in young smokers=
Burgers
What condition presents w/ multi laminated, onion skin =
Ewigs Sarcoma
Beri Beri deficiency =
B1 (thiamine)
HLA (+)=
A/S & Reiters
M/C sign or symptom of Kidney Carcinoma =
Hematuria
EBV =
MONO
Right ventricular hypertrophy is most commonly seen with ____?
Emphysema
Di Georges =
No thymus
What cell is most radio sensitive?
Bone marrow
What vitamin may be responsible for failure of thrombocytes to function properly?
Menadione (precursor to Vitamin K)
A streptococcal organism is most likely to produce Pathologies on what cardiac valves?
No answer written down ???
Huntington’s affects =
Caudate lobe & putamen
The Globus Pallidus & Putamen equals what?
Lentiform
Condition that causes claw hand due to tight skin is known as ____?
Scleroderma
Crystals found in Pseudogout?
(CPPDD) Calcium
Crystals found in gout?
Uric acid
White blood cells that elevate in listeria monocytogens?
NeutroPhils
What white blood cells elevates in a case of vaccinia (small pox)?
Lymphocytes
What white blood cells elevates in trypanosomiasis?
Eosinphils
Platybasia is observed in which disease?
Osteistis deformans (Paget’s disease)
Paralysis w/ loss of esophageal muscle tone is a finding in which of the following?
Achalasia
What is responsible for the production of old age pigments?
Lipofuscin
What can be characterized as a form of metaplasia?
Barretts
Bone tumor with Pain =
Osteoid osteoma
Pseudohypertrophy of calf muscles =
Duchenne’s dystrophy
Esophageal varcies due to portal hypertension is seen in ____?
Alcoholism
Tetrolagy of fallot = DRIP
No atrial septal defect
Another name for enchondromatosis is _____?
Ollier’s disease
Emphysema is linked to a deficiency of ____?
Alpha 1 anti trypsin
What condition is auto dominant?
Huntington’s disease
What sympton isn’t seen in patient with dermatomyositi?
Proximal muscle weakness
Infection of blood vessels is most commonly seen in _____?
Hepatitis C
Kidney stones most commonly caused by ____?
Calcium oxalates
Mechanism which digitalis changes function in body
increased calcium influx
Charcot Marie tooth disease =
Hereditary disorder
Most common location of Rhabdomyoma (striations) =
Heart (or skeletal Muscle)
Most common cause of death in the work place is ____?
Falls
If patient has both intention tremors & nustagmus, which part of brain is dysfunctional?
Cerebrum
An onion bulb tumor of the foot is most commonly called ____?
Morton’s neuroma
What type of shock most commonly occurs in burn victims?
Hypovolemic
Leading cause of infertility in women =
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
What type of thrombus forms on the wall of the heart?
Mural
