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Irene Gold > Pathology > Flashcards

Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

A mech. of pulmonary edema, characteristic of congestive heart failure is ______?

A

Increased hydrostatic pressure

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2
Q

Which of these is a large cell that is present in an area of chronic granulomatous inflammation and has many nuclei scattered in it’s cytoplasm?

A

Macrophage

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3
Q

Spontaneous V. compression fract. & predisposition to hip/wrist fractures are likely to result from?

A

Osteoporosis

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4
Q

35 year old white male presents with progressive dementia & signs/symptoms indicative of an extrapyramidal lesion - the most likely diagnosis is ______?

A

Huntington disease

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5
Q

Fatty liver, edema & atrophy of will. of small bowel are characteristic of which disorder?

A

Kwashiorkor

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6
Q

Which disease affects small/med. sized arteries, particularly renal and visceral. but spares pulmonary system?

A

Systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE)

If kidneys & pulmonary = goodpastures

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7
Q

What does Myastemia Gravis affect first?

A

Eyes

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8
Q

Enlargement of the air spaces distal to terminal bronchioles, destruction of alveolar walls and minimal fibrosis describes?

A

Emphysema (lack of A-1 antitrypsin)

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9
Q

Paralysis agitans (Parkinson’s disease) is caused by degenerative lesions of the ____?

A

Basal Ganglia ( dopamine/substantia nigra)

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10
Q

Serum alkaline phosphatase, calcium and phosphorus levels are characteristically within normal limits in which of these disorders?

A

Osteoperosis (all blood levels are normal)

  • Osteitis fibrosa cystica - Brown’s tumor - PTH; elevates Ca
  • Osteitis deformans - AKA Paget’s disease - Lacuna of Howship problem; 1st symptom head gets bigger.
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11
Q

What causes subchondral sclerosis that accompanies osteoarthritis?

A

Loss of articular cartilage

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12
Q

Perikaryon of a neuron whose axon has been severed undergoes _____?

A

Central chromatolysis

  • axon gets cut = wullarcu degeneration AKA Central chromatolysis
  • whole CNS = liquifactive
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13
Q

Accumulation of fluid in the alveoli is known as _____?

A

Pulmonary edema

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14
Q

What initiates Kinin cascade that eventually produces bradykinin?

A

Histamine

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15
Q

Which of these is a highly malignant humor, occuring primarily in cerebellum of children?

A

Medulloblastoma

  • Astrocytoma = best prognosis
  • Glioblastoma = worst prognosis
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16
Q

When the male urethra opens on dorsum it’s called _____?

A

Epispadias

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17
Q

Phenochromocytoma is a tumor of the ______?

A

Adrenal medulla (unilateral)

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18
Q

The inflamatory neuropathy that characterizes _____ is likely to resolve over time

A

Guillain-Barre Syndrome

  • Schwann cells myelinate PNS; it will grow back if demyelinated = Guillain-Barre
  • If you demyelnate a CNS it doesn’t grow back = MS
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19
Q

MC location of Meckel’s diverticulum is the ______?

A

Ileum (cull-d-sac’s in small intestine)

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20
Q

What’s the MC location of pathology in patients with non-iatrogenic Cushing’s Syndrome?

A

Pituitary gland (makes ACTH)

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21
Q

Which of these lesions is most often predispose to aortic dissection?

A

Medial degeneration (AKA familial thoracic dissection)

  • Marfans = Aortic dissection
  • Granulamatous arteritis = takyasu’s arteritis (“pulseless disease”)
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22
Q

Which of these pathological findings results from excessive alcohol consumption & is usually fully reversible when abstention of alcohol is practiced?

A

Fatty Liver

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23
Q

Which condition results from a congenital defect in collagen synthesis?

A

Ehlers - Danlos Syndrome

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24
Q

Vasomotor instability, trophic skin changes, and demineralization of bone characterize _______.

A

RSD (reflex sympathetic dystrophy)

*Marfan’s Syndrome = _____ leis

*Scleroderma - tight skin disease; can get reabsorption of distal phalynx
↪ “Crest syndrome”

C= Calcinosis; R= Renaud’s disease; E= Esophageal Variscocetes; S= Scleroderma; T= Telangitasia (spider angioma) MUST HAVE all 5 to have CREST!!

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25
Q

What of these factors is most likely complication of varicocele?

A

Infertility

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26
Q

A myxoma is the MC primary tumor of the ____?

A

Heart

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27
Q

Which condition is most likelt in a 25 y.o with Reed Sternberg cells?

A

Hodgkins Lymphoma

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28
Q

Most common cause of suppurative arthritis in young adults?

A

Gonococcal

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29
Q

Incidence of which condition is directly corelated with cigarette smoking?

A

Thromboangiitis obliterans = Burgers disease

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30
Q

Which disorder of the intestinal lumen markedly narrowed, causing passage of thin stream of barium & the subsequent appearance of the string sign during diagnostic imaging?

A

Crohn’s disease; (skip lesions= cobble stone appearance)

↪ Scarring due to chronic inflamation; no blood in diarrhea; AKA = Proximal ilitis (right sided)
↪ Ulcerative collitis = left sided & bloody

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31
Q

Which condition is muscle weakness the result of inadequate release of acetylcholine?

A

Botulism

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32
Q

Which factors results in primary immunodeficiency?

A

Di George’s Syndrome

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33
Q

Folic acid deficency affects ____ and causes ____?

A

Cell division; macrocytic

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34
Q

Hypogycemia is most likely to accompany what condition?

A

Addison’s disease

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35
Q

Chocolate cysts of ovaries =

A

Endometriosis

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36
Q

What’s described as the escape of fluid, proteins, and blood cells from the vascular system into the interstitial tissues during inflammatory process?

A

Exudation

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37
Q

Primary pathology of chronic bronchitis?

A

Hypertrophy if mucous glands

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38
Q

Which of these is characterized by deficiency of homogentistic oxidase, resulting in a blockage of tyrosine metabolism?

A

Phenylketouria (PKU)

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39
Q

The cellular necrosis pattern in which basophilia of chromatin fade is known as ____?

A

Pyknosis

40
Q

Invagination of a portion of the intestine into an adjoining segment is known as?

A

Intussuception

41
Q

Leukamoid reaction occurs in ____?

A

Severe pyogenic infection

42
Q

In addition to ↑ hydrostatic pressure, which contributes to cardiac edema?

A

Damaged vascular endothelium

43
Q

What disorder results in hemosiderin - laden macrophage in the lungs?

A

Chronic Pulmonary Congestion

44
Q

What’s most common congenital cardiac anomaly?

A

Ventricular septal defect

45
Q

What tumor displays cytologic features of malignancy but is pre-invasive?

A

Carcinoma in Situ

46
Q

What structure is MC site for atherosclerotic aneurysm?

A

Abdominal aorta

47
Q

What type of arthritis is disorder of cartilage?

A

Osteo arthritis

48
Q

The sclera is blue in ____?

A

Osteogenisis imperfecta

49
Q

Osteolytic metastis in adult male is most likely to originate from which primary site?

A

Prostate (#1)

(Lung #2)

Female: breast = #1
lung= #2

50
Q

Pannus formation =

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

51
Q

Antibodies are made to double stranded DNA is ____?

A

SLE (systemic lupus erythmatosis)

52
Q

Antibodies to acetyl choline =

A

Mysathenia gravis

53
Q

Nodes @ DIPS =

A

Heberden’s nodes

54
Q

Condition that causes claudication in young smokers=

A

Burgers

55
Q

What condition presents w/ multi laminated, onion skin =

A

Ewigs Sarcoma

56
Q

Beri Beri deficiency =

A

B1 (thiamine)

57
Q

HLA (+)=

A

A/S & Reiters

58
Q

M/C sign or symptom of Kidney Carcinoma =

A

Hematuria

59
Q

EBV =

A

MONO

60
Q

Right ventricular hypertrophy is most commonly seen with ____?

A

Emphysema

61
Q

Di Georges =

A

No thymus

62
Q

What cell is most radio sensitive?

A

Bone marrow

63
Q

What vitamin may be responsible for failure of thrombocytes to function properly?

A

Menadione (precursor to Vitamin K)

64
Q

A streptococcal organism is most likely to produce Pathologies on what cardiac valves?

A

No answer written down ???

65
Q

Huntington’s affects =

A

Caudate lobe & putamen

66
Q

The Globus Pallidus & Putamen equals what?

A

Lentiform

67
Q

Condition that causes claw hand due to tight skin is known as ____?

A

Scleroderma

68
Q

Crystals found in Pseudogout?

A

(CPPDD) Calcium

69
Q

Crystals found in gout?

A

Uric acid

70
Q

White blood cells that elevate in listeria monocytogens?

A

NeutroPhils

71
Q

What white blood cells elevates in a case of vaccinia (small pox)?

A

Lymphocytes

72
Q

What white blood cells elevates in trypanosomiasis?

A

Eosinphils

73
Q

Platybasia is observed in which disease?

A

Osteistis deformans (Paget’s disease)

74
Q

Paralysis w/ loss of esophageal muscle tone is a finding in which of the following?

A

Achalasia

75
Q

What is responsible for the production of old age pigments?

A

Lipofuscin

76
Q

What can be characterized as a form of metaplasia?

A

Barretts

77
Q

Bone tumor with Pain =

A

Osteoid osteoma

78
Q

Pseudohypertrophy of calf muscles =

A

Duchenne’s dystrophy

79
Q

Esophageal varcies due to portal hypertension is seen in ____?

A

Alcoholism

80
Q

Tetrolagy of fallot = DRIP

A

No atrial septal defect

81
Q

Another name for enchondromatosis is _____?

A

Ollier’s disease

82
Q

Emphysema is linked to a deficiency of ____?

A

Alpha 1 anti trypsin

83
Q

What condition is auto dominant?

A

Huntington’s disease

84
Q

What sympton isn’t seen in patient with dermatomyositi?

A

Proximal muscle weakness

85
Q

Infection of blood vessels is most commonly seen in _____?

A

Hepatitis C

86
Q

Kidney stones most commonly caused by ____?

A

Calcium oxalates

87
Q

Mechanism which digitalis changes function in body

A

increased calcium influx

88
Q

Charcot Marie tooth disease =

A

Hereditary disorder

89
Q

Most common location of Rhabdomyoma (striations) =

A

Heart (or skeletal Muscle)

90
Q

Most common cause of death in the work place is ____?

A

Falls

91
Q

If patient has both intention tremors & nustagmus, which part of brain is dysfunctional?

A

Cerebrum

92
Q

An onion bulb tumor of the foot is most commonly called ____?

A

Morton’s neuroma

93
Q

What type of shock most commonly occurs in burn victims?

A

Hypovolemic

94
Q

Leading cause of infertility in women =

A

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

95
Q

What type of thrombus forms on the wall of the heart?

A

Mural

Irene Gold (6 decks)

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