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MRCS > Pathology 3 > Flashcards

Pathology 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Causes of carpal tunnel syndrome

A
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2
Q

Signs of carpal tunnel syndrome

A

numbness in first 3 digits
wasting of thenar eminence
tinels +ve
phalens +ve

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3
Q

Type of vasculitis that is
-common F>M
-upper limb claudication
-diminished pulses
-raised ESR

A

Takayasu’s arteritis

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4
Q

Type of vasculitis
-common M>F
-young smokers
-affects large and medium vessels
-on angio shows tortuous corkscrew vessels

A

Buerger’s vasculitis

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5
Q

Type of vasculitis
-is systemic necrotising granulomatous vasculitis
-cutaneous lesions (ulcers/nodules)
-affects small/ medium sized vessels
-sinus imaging shows a thickened mucosa and air fluid levels

A

Granulomatous polyangitis

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6
Q

Type of vasculitis
-is systemic necrotising vasculitis
-angio shows saccular/ fusiform aneurysms + aterial stenosis
-prevalent in populations with Hep B

A

Polyarteritis nodosa

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7
Q

Causes of a psoas abscess

A

Infection:
-haem spread from other source
-endocarditis
-diverticulitis
-UTI

INflammation:
-Crohn’s

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8
Q

Clinical features of a psoas abscess

A

-back/flank pain
-fever
-limp

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9
Q

What cells do GIST originate from?

A

interstitial cells of Cajal

Pacemaker cells of the GUT

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10
Q

What are the common sites for GIST (most-least common)

A

-Stomach
-small bowel
-colon
-rectum

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11
Q

T/F: GIST are the least common mesenchymal tumours/ sarcoma

A

False-are the most common mesenchymal tumour but are rare

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12
Q

What is the mutation seen in most GIST

A

mutation of the c-KIT tyrosine kinase receptors

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13
Q

Where are the interstitial cells of cajal found

A

Pacemaker cells found between the circular and longitudenal layers of the gut wall that regulate peristalsis

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14
Q

Name 4 thrombophilic conditions

A

-antithrombin deficiency
-protein S/C deficiency
-Factor V leiden
-antiphospholipid syndrome

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15
Q

pathophysiology of antithrombin deficiency

A

Reduced anti-thrombin= not enough AT to break down thrombin= hence fibrin clots keep being formed

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16
Q

causes of antithrombin deficiency

A

acquired:
-liver disease
-DIC
-nephrotic syndrome
-pregnancy

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17
Q

pathophysiology of Protein S/ C deficiency

A
18
Q

What is the commonest genetic thrombophilic disorder

A
19
Q

pathophysiology of Factor V leiden

A
20
Q

Difference b/w APS and other thrombophilias

A
21
Q

what are the antibodies found in APS

A
22
Q

Describe primary vs secondary APS

A
23
Q

Describe the diagnostic criteria for APS

A
24
Q

Tx for APS in pregnancy

A
25
Q

causes of splenomegaly

A
26
Q

Factors that can raise PSA levels other than malignancy

A
27
Q

Name the subtypes of thyroid Ca

A
28
Q

Which thyroid Ca subtype
-spreads via blood
-mets to bone
-need atleast a hemi thyroidectomy (not FNA) for diagnosis

A
29
Q

Which thyroid Ca subtype:
-Is the commonest
-can be diagnosed by FNA
-histology shows psamomma bodies/ orphan annie neuclei
-spreads via lymph

A
30
Q

Which thyroid Ca subtype:
-originates in c-cells
-is part of the MEN 2A syndrome
-mixed haem/ lymph spread
-recurrence can be monitored using serum calcitonin levels

A
31
Q

Which thyroid Ca subtype is not responsive to radioiodine and why?

A
32
Q

Which thyroid Ca needs a core biopsy not FNA

A
33
Q

Is achondroplasia an inherited or sporadic mutation and if inherited what type>

A
34
Q

Radiological features of achondroplasia

A
35
Q

Match occupational carcinogens with the cancer

-asbestos
-bladder ca
-lung ca
-shift work
-wood dust
-angiosarcoma of liver
-non melanoma skin ca

A
36
Q

What is amyloidosis

A
37
Q

What are the 2 types of amyloidosis

A
38
Q

Which parts of the body are most commonly affected by amyloidosis

A
39
Q

What is duct ectasia (breast) and how does it present

A
40
Q

Difference in presentation b/w duct ectasia and periductal mastitis

A
41
Q

Tx for troublesome nipple discharge

A

MRCS (21 decks)

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