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Head anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Bones that make up the anterior cranial fossa

A

Frontal
Sphenoid

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2
Q

Bones that make up the middle cranial fossa

A

Sphenoid
Temporal
Parietal

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3
Q

Bones that make up the posterior cranial fossa

A

Temporal
Parietal
Occipital

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4
Q

what structures does the dural fold separating the cereburm and cerebellum attach to in the anterior cranial fossa

A

Anterior clinoid processes of sphenoid bone

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5
Q

what dural fold separated the cereburm and cerebellum

A

Tentorium cerebrelli

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6
Q

What are the 3 parts of the sella turcica

A

Tuberculum sellae
Hypophoseal fossa
Dorsum sella

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7
Q

What are the foramina in the middle cranial fossa and what bone are they situated in

A

Sphenoid bone:
superior orbital fissure
foramen rotundum
foramen ovale
f. spinosum

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8
Q

What bones make up the foramen lacerum

A

Sphenoid
Temporal
occipital

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9
Q

Which bone is the carotid canal situated in

A

Petrous part of Temporal bone

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10
Q

What foramina do the temporal + occipital bones have

A

Jugular foramen
Foramen lacerum

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11
Q

Contents of superior orbital fissure

A

-CN III
-CN IV
-CN V1
-CN VI
-superior ophthalmic vein
-middle meningeal branch of lacrimal artery

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12
Q

What foramen does V2 of the trigeminal nerve pass through

A

Foramen rotundum

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13
Q

Foramen rotundum connects which 2 spaces

A

middle cranial fossa and pterygopalatine fossa

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14
Q

Contents of foramen ovale

A

-Otic ganglion (inferior)
-V3
-Accessory meningeal artery
-Lesser petrosal nerve
-Emissary veins

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15
Q

Contents of foramen spinosum

A

-Middle meningeal artery
-Middle meningeal vein
-Meningeal branch of V3

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16
Q

Foramen spinosum and ovale connect which 2 spaces

A

middle cranial fossa and infratemporal fossa

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17
Q

Which foramen contains the greater and deep petrosal nerves

A

Foramen Lacerum

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18
Q

Contents of carotid canal

A

-internal carotid
artery
venous plexus
nervous plexus

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19
Q

Which foramen is at the intersection of the sphenoid, temporal and occipital bones

A

lacerum

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20
Q

Contents of internal acoustic meatus

A

-CN 7
-CN 8
-vestibular ganglion
-labrinthyine artery

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21
Q

Contents of jugular foramen

A

-CN 9
-CN 10
-CN 11
-inferior petrosal sinus
-sigmoid sinus

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22
Q

Contents of hypoglossal canal

A

-CN 12
-hypoglossal venous plexus

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23
Q

Contents of foramen magnum

A

-medulla
-meninges
-anterior + posterior spinal arteries
-vertebral artery
-alar ligaments
-spinal root of CN 11

24
Q

Surgical significance of the mastoid fossa

A

Is considered the ‘safe’ area for drilling during a mastoidectomy

25
Location of the mastoid fossa
Above the mastoid antrum (largest of the mastoid air cells)
26
Layers of the scalp
skin (dense)connective tissue* aponeurosis** loose areolar connective tissue periosteum *(vascular + innervated) **of frontalis and occipitalis muscles
27
Which layer of the scalp is considered the 'danger' area and why
Loose areolar connective tissue -has emissary (valveless) veins that connect the extracranial veins with the dural sinuses hence infection can spread intracranially
28
borders of the infratemporal fossa
Roof= sphenoid bone anterior= posterior aspect of maxillary sinus floor= medial pterygoid muscle medial wall= lateral pterygoid plate, superior constrictors, tensor/ elevator veli palatini lateral wall= ramus of mandible posterior= carotid sheath/ mastoid/ styloid process
29
Nerves in the infratemporal fossa
-mandibular nerve (V3) -sensory branches of trigeminal: auriculotemporal buccal lingual inferior alveolar -otic ganglion -chorda tympani
30
Muscles in infratemporal fossa
-medial pterygoid -laterla pterygoid (masseter + temporalis attach to the borders of the fossa)
31
Vasculature in the inratemporal fossa
-maxillary artery -maxillary vein -middle meningeal artery + vein -pterygoid venous plexus
32
What bones meet at the pterion
frontal temporal parietal sphenoidal
33
What lies deep to the pterion and what is the risk of a fracture in this area
Middle meningeal artery #= extradural haemorrhage= raised ICP
34
How are the muscles of facial expression divided
orbital nasal oral
35
Which pharyngeal arch did the muscles of facial expression originate from
2nd arch
36
Which nerve supplies all the muscles of facial expression
Facial CN 7
37
What are the terminal branches of the facial nerve
-temporal -zygomatic -buccal -marginal mandibular -cervical
38
Which nerves innervates the orbicularis oculi
temporal + zygomatic
39
What are the orbital muscles of facial expression
orbicularis oculi corragator supercilli
40
What are the nasal muscles of facial expression
procerus nasali (transverse + alar) depressor septi nasi
41
What are the oral muscles of facial expression
orbicularis oris buccinator minor muscles: zygomaticus major/minor levator anguli oris levator labii superiororis risorius depressor anguli oris depressor labii inferiororis mentalis
42
Which nerve innervates the nasal muscles
buccal branch of facial nerve
43
Which nerve innervates the oral muscles
OO + buccinator= buccal minor muscles= marginal mandibular branch of facial nerve
44
Innervation of the platysma
Cervical branch of the facial nerve
45
Which blood vessels make up the Keisselbachs plexus
sphenopalatine artery greater palatine ant/posterior ethmoidal superior labial
46
Which pharyngeal arch did the muscles of mastication originate from
1st arch
47
What nerve innervates muscles of mastication
V3 of trigeminal nerve
48
What are the muscles of mastication
Masseter temporalis medial pterygoid lateral pterygoid
49
How are the muscles of the tongue classed
intrinsic + extrinsic muscles
50
Which nerves innervate the muscles of the tongue
all intrinsic= hypoglossal all extrinsic EXCEPT palatoglossus= hypoglossal nerve
51
Which nerve innervates the palatoglossus muscles
vagus nerve
52
What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue and thier actions
Genioglossus= protrude tongue Hyoglossus= depress + retract (Hide) tongue Styloglossus= lift tongue Palatoglossus= lifts the back of the tongue
53
Which nerve give general sensation and taste to the anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3rd of the tongue
Ant 2/3: touch= V3 taste= chorda tympani (CN7) Post 1/3: touch= CN 9 taste= CN 9
54
Vascular supply to the tongue
lingual artery + veins
55
lymph drainage of the anterior and posterior parts of the tongur
Anterior= submental + submandibular nodes Posterior= deep cervical nodes

MRCS (22 decks)

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