MSK 3 Flashcards
State Hilton’s law
The nerves crossing a joint supply the muscles acting on that joint
Is the superior tibiofibular joint synovial/ fibrous
Synovial
Is the inferior tibiofibular joint synovial/ fibrous
Fibrous
What ligaments connect the tibia + fibula
-superior tibiofibular
-inferior tibiofibular
-interosseous membrane
What ligaments stabilise the ankle joint
medial(deltoid) + lateral collateral ligaments
Medial/ deltoid
(medial malleolus –> navicular tuberosity/ medial tuberosity of talus, sustentaculum tali of calcaneus)
lateral
(lateral malleolus–> anterior talofibular/ posterior talofibular/ calcaneofibular)
What are the muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh
-biceps femoris (long/ short heads)
-semimembranosus
-semitendinosus
What is the common origin for the muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh
Ischial tuberosity
what is the most lateral muscle in the posterior compartment (thigh)
Biceps femoris
Insertion of the biceps femoris
both heads= head of fibula
Which muscle in the posterior compartment of the thigh does not originate from the ischial tuberosity
Short head of biceps femoris
(linea aspera)
Which muscles in the thigh are innervated by the common peroneal nerve
-short head biceps femoris
Which muscles in the thigh are innervated by the tibial nerve
-hamstring part of adductor magnus
-long head of biceps femoris
-semitendinosus
-semimembranosus
What are the nerve roots of the sciatic nerve
L4-S3
Which muscles cause extension of hip + knee flexion
all hamstrings
which muscles cause extension + lateral rotation of hip
biceps femoris
which muscles cause extension + medial rotation of hip
-semi tendinosus/membranosus
how many compartments are in the leg
3 compartments:
-anterior
-posterior
-lateral
What nerve supplies the anterior compartment
Deep peroneal nerve
What artery supplies the anterior compartment
Anterior tibial artery
What muscles are in the anterior compartment of the leg
(Superficial-deep)
-Tibialis anterior
-Extensor digitorum longus
-Extensor hallucis longus
-Peroneous tertius
O/I of tibialis anterior
O: lateral tibial surface
I: medial cueniform + metatarsal 1
Action of tibialis anterior
Inversion and dorsiflexion of foot
O/I of extensor digitorum longus
O: lateral condyle of tibia
I: distal phalanges of each 4 toes
O/I of extensor hallucis longus
O: medial aspect of fibula
I: distal phalanx of great toe
which muscles cause dorsiflexion and extension of the toes
extensor digitorum/ hallucis longus
What are the muscles in the lateral compartment
-fibularis longus
-fibularis brevis
What is the more superficial muscle in the lateral compartment
fibularis longus
O/I of fibularis longus
O: lateral surface of fibula + lateral tibial condyle
I: medial cueniform + base of 1st metatarsal
O/I of fibularis brevis
O: inferolateral aspect of fibula
I: base of 5th metatarsal
Tendons of which muscles pass posterior to the lateral malleolus
-fibularis longus + brevis
what actions does the fibularis longus give
-eversion
-plantarflexion
-supports lateral + transverse foot arches
What are the muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg
superficial:
-gastrocnemius
-soleus
-plantaris
deep:
-popliteus
-flexor digitorum longus
-flexor hallucis longus
-tibialis posterior
what nerve innervates the posterior compartment muscles of the leg
tibial nerve
O/I of gastrocnemius
O: medial + lateral femoral condyles
I: calcaneal tendon
O/I of soleus
O: soleal line of tibia
I: calcaneal tendon
O/I of plantaris
O: lateral femoral supracondylar line
I: calcaneal tendon
which muscle has
O: medial femoral condyle
I: lateral tibia (just above soleus origin)
Popliteus
T/F: popliteus makes up the roof of the popliteal fossa
FALSE: forms the FLOOR of the popliteal fossa
which muscles make up the calcaneal tendon
-gastroc
-soleus
-plantaris
which muscle tendons pass posterior to the medial malleolus
-Tibialis posterior
-flexor Digitorum longus
-flexor Hallucis longus
(Tom Dick & Harry)
O/I of tibialis posterior
O: posterior tibia + interosseous membrane
I: plantar aspect of medial tarsal bones
O/I of flexor digitorum longus
O: posterior tibia
I: plantar aspect of 4 toes
O/I of flexor hallucis longus
O: posterior fibula
I: plantar aspect of great toe
What are the dynamic patella stabilizers
Anterior= Quads
posterior= hamstrings
medial/lateral= gastrocnemius
How many arches in the foot
3= 2xlongitudenal + transverse
Longitudenal=medial + lateral
What ligaments support the medial longitudinal ligament
-spring ligament (plantar calcaneonavicular)
-short ligament (plantar calcaneocuboidal)
-interosseous (talocalcaneal)
-deltoid (medial collateral)
-plantar aponeurosis (deep plantar fascia)
Where does the adductor canal start/ end
Start: apex of femoral triangle/ where sartorius crosses adductor longus
End: at adductor hiatus
Boundaries of adductor canal
lateral- vastus medialis
medial- sartorius
posterior- adductor longus/magnus
Contents of adductor canal
-superficial branch of femoral artery
-femoral vein
-saphenous nerve
-nerve to vastus medialis
Which bones make up the medial and lateral longitudinal foot arches
medial:
-calcaneus
-talus
-navicular
-3 cuneiforms
-medial 3 metatarsals
lateral:
-calcaneus
-cuboid
-4/5th metatarsals
which bones make up the transverse arch of the foot
metatarsal heads
what is the sensory distribution of the iliohypogastric nerve
above pubis + lateral gluteal regions
(like shape of H)
what is the sensory distribution of the ilioINGUINAL nerve
Mons pubis, perineum, inguinal ligament, medial/ inner thigh
(like bottom half of I)
what is the sensory distribution of the saphenous nerve
medial aspect of lower leg + medial malleolus
what is the sensory distribution of the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh
upper lateral thigh
