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MRCS > MSK 2 > Flashcards

MSK 2 Flashcards

1
Q

When do you get a claw hand

A

Damage to ulnar nerve at the WRIST

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2
Q

When would you damage the ulnar nerve but see NO DEFORMITY

A

Ulnar nerve injury at the elbow

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3
Q

Describe the ulnar paradox

A

Ulnar nerve injury at the ELBOW = no supply to lateral lumbricals in hand + no supply to lateral FDP = unopposed extension at MCP & DIPJ = straight ring & little fingers (no obvious deformity) BUT no ADD/ABDuction of fingers (no supply to dorsal + palmar interossei)

paradox = no deformity but also no function

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4
Q

How many extensor compartments are there in the forearm

A

2 = superficial + deep

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5
Q

Name the muscles in the superficial extensor compartment (lateral –> medial)

A

-brachioradialis
-extensor carpi radialis longus + brevis
-extensor digitorum
-extensor digiti minimi
-extensor carpi ulnaris
-anconeus

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6
Q

Name the muscles in the deep extensor compartment (lateral –> medial)

A

-supinator
-abductor pollicis longus
-extensor pollicis brevis
-extensor pollicis longus
-extensor indicis

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7
Q

Name the borders of the anatomical snuffbox

A

lateral = abductor pollicis longus + extensor pollicis brevis

medial = extensor pollicis longus

proximal = radial styloid

floor = scaphoid + trapezium (SCAT)

roof = skin

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8
Q

Contents of the anatomical snuffbox

A

Artery = radial
vein = cephalic
nerve = superficial branch of radial

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9
Q

Which nerve passess between the 2 head of the pronator teres

A

Median nerve

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10
Q

Between the 2 heads of which muscle does the radial nerve pass through in the forearm

A

Supinator

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11
Q

Name the carpal bones in the proximal row (lateral-medial)

A

scaphoid
lunate
triquetrum
pisiform

(Some Lovers TRI Positions)

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12
Q

Name the carpal bones in the distal row (lateral-medial)

A

Trapezium
Trapezioid
capitate
hamate

(That They Cant Handle)

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13
Q

Which carpal bone is at the base of the thumb

A

TrapeziUM (base of thUMb)

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14
Q

Describe a boxers fracture

A

Fracture of neck of the 4/5th metacarpal neck

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15
Q

MOI of boxers #

A

punching a hard surface with a closed fist

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16
Q

What is the name for a simple oblique intra-articular fracture of the base of the 1st metacarpal

A

Bennet’s #

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17
Q

Describe a Rolando’s #

A

Comminuted intra-articular # of the base of the 1st metacarpal bone

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18
Q

MOI of Bennet’s #

A

forced abduction of thumb

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19
Q

MOI of Rolando’s #

A

Axial load onto flexed thumb

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20
Q

What type of joints have a capsule

A

Synovial joints

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21
Q

what arteries supply the femoral head

A

Medial + lateral circumflex femoral

A small artery to the head of the femur

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22
Q

Which artery supplies the Medial + lateral circumflex femoral arteries

A

Profunda femoris artery

23
Q

Nerve supply of the hip joint

A

Femoral + sciatic nerves

24
Q

What extracapsular ligaments support the hip joint

A

Anterior= iliofemoral + pubofemoral

Posterior= ischiofemoral ligament

25
Q

What intracapsular ligaments support the hip joint

A

Ligament of the head of the femur

26
Q

What structures help stabilize the hip joint

A

-Ligaments
-Labrum
-deep acetabulum

27
Q

What is DDH

A

Shallow acetabulum = easy dislocation of hip joint = leg length discrepancy + poor ABDuction of hip

28
Q

What does Barlow test look for

A

Barlow’s = if hip is easily dislocatable

Test- hip and knee flexed at 90 deg- exert posterior force- medially rotate at hip

+ve if hip joint dislocates

29
Q

What does Ortalani’s test look for

A

If the hip is dislocated this will reduce the joint

Test- hip and knee flexed to 90 deg- exert anterior force- laterally rotate at hip joint

+ve if joint clunks back into right position

30
Q

Mx for DDH

A

Pavlik harness
Surgery

31
Q

What is the insertion of the gluteus maximus

A

Linea aspera

32
Q

Nerve innervating gluteus maximus

A

INFERIOR gluteal nerve

33
Q

What muscles are innervated by the superior gluteal nerve

A

-gluteus medius
-minimus
-tensor fascia lata

34
Q

What is the fascia lata

A

Deep fascia covering the thigh

35
Q

Fascia lata vs Tensor fascia lata

A

Fascia lata = deep fascia
TSL= muscle in lateral aspect of thigh

36
Q

What is the insertion/ origin of the ITT

A

Iliotibial band is thickening of the fascia lata

origin= iliac tubercle on the crest

insertion= lateral TIBIAL condyle

37
Q

What are the external gluteal muscles

A

Gluteus max, medius, minimus, tensor fascia lata

38
Q

What movements do the external gluteal muscles do

A

max= hip extension + lateral rotation

medius/ mini/ TFL= abduction + medial rotation

39
Q

What are the origin/ insertion of gluteus med/mini

A

Iliac crest to lesser trochanter

40
Q

How many compartments are in the thigh

A

3:
Anterior
Posterior
Medial

41
Q

What are the muscles in the anterior compartment

A

-psoas major
-iliacus
-pectineus
-sartorius
-rectus femoris
-vastus lateralis
-v intermedius
-v medialis

42
Q

O/I of psoas major

A

O: L1-L3
I: lesser trochanter

43
Q

O/I of iliacus

A

O: iliac crest
I: lesser trochanter

44
Q

nerve innervating muscles of anterior compartment

A

femoral nerve

45
Q

nerve roots of femoral nerve

A

L2-L4

46
Q

Muscles making up quadriceps femoris

A

rectus femoris + 3x vastus

47
Q

what are the internal gluteal muscles (sup–> inferior)

A

-piriformis
-gamellus superior
-obturator internus
-gemellus inferior
-quadratus femoris

48
Q

nerves innervating piriformis and gamellus superior

A

nerve to piriformis

49
Q

what muscles does the nerve to obturator internus innervate

A

obturator internus
gemellus inferior

50
Q

nerve innervating quadratus femoris

A

nerve to quadratus femoris

51
Q

what are the muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh

A

-adductor magnus
-adductor longus
-adductor brevis
-gracilis
-obturator externus

52
Q

nerves innervating medial thigh compartment

A

-obturator nerve
-tibial branch of sciatic (hamstring part of adductor magnus)

53
Q

O/I of adductor magnus

A

adductor part:
O: inferior pubic ramus
I: linea aspera

hamstring part:
O: ischial tuberosity
I: adductor tubercle (on medial femoral condyle)

54
Q

O/I of adductor longus/ brevis

A

longus
O: inferior pubic ramus
I: linea aspera

brevis
O: inferior pubic ramus
I: linea aspera (proximal to longus)

MRCS (22 decks)

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