MSK 2 Flashcards
When do you get a claw hand
Damage to ulnar nerve at the WRIST
When would you damage the ulnar nerve but see NO DEFORMITY
Ulnar nerve injury at the elbow
Describe the ulnar paradox
Ulnar nerve injury at the ELBOW = no supply to lateral lumbricals in hand + no supply to lateral FDP = unopposed extension at MCP & DIPJ = straight ring & little fingers (no obvious deformity) BUT no ADD/ABDuction of fingers (no supply to dorsal + palmar interossei)
paradox = no deformity but also no function
How many extensor compartments are there in the forearm
2 = superficial + deep
Name the muscles in the superficial extensor compartment (lateral –> medial)
-brachioradialis
-extensor carpi radialis longus + brevis
-extensor digitorum
-extensor digiti minimi
-extensor carpi ulnaris
-anconeus
Name the muscles in the deep extensor compartment (lateral –> medial)
-supinator
-abductor pollicis longus
-extensor pollicis brevis
-extensor pollicis longus
-extensor indicis
Name the borders of the anatomical snuffbox
lateral = abductor pollicis longus + extensor pollicis brevis
medial = extensor pollicis longus
proximal = radial styloid
floor = scaphoid + trapezium (SCAT)
roof = skin
Contents of the anatomical snuffbox
Artery = radial
vein = cephalic
nerve = superficial branch of radial
Which nerve passess between the 2 head of the pronator teres
Median nerve
Between the 2 heads of which muscle does the radial nerve pass through in the forearm
Supinator
Name the carpal bones in the proximal row (lateral-medial)
scaphoid
lunate
triquetrum
pisiform
(Some Lovers TRI Positions)
Name the carpal bones in the distal row (lateral-medial)
Trapezium
Trapezioid
capitate
hamate
(That They Cant Handle)
Which carpal bone is at the base of the thumb
TrapeziUM (base of thUMb)
Describe a boxers fracture
Fracture of neck of the 4/5th metacarpal neck
MOI of boxers #
punching a hard surface with a closed fist
What is the name for a simple oblique intra-articular fracture of the base of the 1st metacarpal
Bennet’s #
Describe a Rolando’s #
Comminuted intra-articular # of the base of the 1st metacarpal bone
MOI of Bennet’s #
forced abduction of thumb
MOI of Rolando’s #
Axial load onto flexed thumb
What type of joints have a capsule
Synovial joints
what arteries supply the femoral head
Medial + lateral circumflex femoral
A small artery to the head of the femur
Which artery supplies the Medial + lateral circumflex femoral arteries
Profunda femoris artery
Nerve supply of the hip joint
Femoral + sciatic nerves
What extracapsular ligaments support the hip joint
Anterior= iliofemoral + pubofemoral
Posterior= ischiofemoral ligament
What intracapsular ligaments support the hip joint
Ligament of the head of the femur
What structures help stabilize the hip joint
-Ligaments
-Labrum
-deep acetabulum
What is DDH
Shallow acetabulum = easy dislocation of hip joint = leg length discrepancy + poor ABDuction of hip
What does Barlow test look for
Barlow’s = if hip is easily dislocatable
Test- hip and knee flexed at 90 deg- exert posterior force- medially rotate at hip
+ve if hip joint dislocates
What does Ortalani’s test look for
If the hip is dislocated this will reduce the joint
Test- hip and knee flexed to 90 deg- exert anterior force- laterally rotate at hip joint
+ve if joint clunks back into right position
Mx for DDH
Pavlik harness
Surgery
What is the insertion of the gluteus maximus
Linea aspera
Nerve innervating gluteus maximus
INFERIOR gluteal nerve
What muscles are innervated by the superior gluteal nerve
-gluteus medius
-minimus
-tensor fascia lata
What is the fascia lata
Deep fascia covering the thigh
Fascia lata vs Tensor fascia lata
Fascia lata = deep fascia
TSL= muscle in lateral aspect of thigh
What is the insertion/ origin of the ITT
Iliotibial band is thickening of the fascia lata
origin= iliac tubercle on the crest
insertion= lateral TIBIAL condyle
What are the external gluteal muscles
Gluteus max, medius, minimus, tensor fascia lata
What movements do the external gluteal muscles do
max= hip extension + lateral rotation
medius/ mini/ TFL= abduction + medial rotation
What are the origin/ insertion of gluteus med/mini
Iliac crest to lesser trochanter
How many compartments are in the thigh
3:
Anterior
Posterior
Medial
What are the muscles in the anterior compartment
-psoas major
-iliacus
-pectineus
-sartorius
-rectus femoris
-vastus lateralis
-v intermedius
-v medialis
O/I of psoas major
O: L1-L3
I: lesser trochanter
O/I of iliacus
O: iliac crest
I: lesser trochanter
nerve innervating muscles of anterior compartment
femoral nerve
nerve roots of femoral nerve
L2-L4
Muscles making up quadriceps femoris
rectus femoris + 3x vastus
what are the internal gluteal muscles (sup–> inferior)
-piriformis
-gamellus superior
-obturator internus
-gemellus inferior
-quadratus femoris
nerves innervating piriformis and gamellus superior
nerve to piriformis
what muscles does the nerve to obturator internus innervate
obturator internus
gemellus inferior
nerve innervating quadratus femoris
nerve to quadratus femoris
what are the muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh
-adductor magnus
-adductor longus
-adductor brevis
-gracilis
-obturator externus
nerves innervating medial thigh compartment
-obturator nerve
-tibial branch of sciatic (hamstring part of adductor magnus)
O/I of adductor magnus
adductor part:
O: inferior pubic ramus
I: linea aspera
hamstring part:
O: ischial tuberosity
I: adductor tubercle (on medial femoral condyle)
O/I of adductor longus/ brevis
longus
O: inferior pubic ramus
I: linea aspera
brevis
O: inferior pubic ramus
I: linea aspera (proximal to longus)
