Pathology

Question 1

In mesenteric Ischaemia which is most likely to be affected SMA or IMA

Answer 1

SMA

Question 2

at what age should testes have defended and what do you do if they have not by then?

Answer 2

they should descend by 3 months
if they don’t you do a laparotomy

Question 3

in what patients do Desmond tumours occur and what cell type do they consist of?

Answer 3

they occur in 15% of those with familial polyposis
they contain fibroblasts

Question 4

what is the management of an impacted and displaced humeral neck fracture

Answer 4

Impacted - Colar and cuff
Displaced - hemiarthroplasty

Question 5

which pairs of cranial nerves is most likely to be compressed by a cerebellopontine angle tumour?

Answer 5

Facial and Vestibulocochlear

Question 6

at what point can fracture callus healing be seen on an x ray

Answer 6

3 weeks

Question 7

at what age should testes have decended by

Answer 7

3-6 months

Question 8

post tonsillectomy otalgia is caused by damage to what nerve?

Answer 8

glossopharyngeal

Question 9

What is the most common site of sarcoma metastasis

Answer 9

Haematogenous spread via the Lung

Question 10

What triad of symptoms is seen in billary rupture?

Answer 10

RUQ pain
Jaundice
Urticarial rash

Question 11

What infection causes the urticaria in billlary rupture?

Answer 11

Echinococcus granulosus

Question 12

What are the characteristic features of Dercums disease

Answer 12

Multiple lipomas

Question 13

Occupational Caners

What cancer is associated with working in the dye industry?

Answer 13

TCC of the bladder

Question 14

Occupational Cancers

What cancer is associated with working with wood dust

Answer 14

Sino Nasal Cancer - SCC

Question 15

Occupational Cancers

What cancer is associated with working with Vinyl Chloride

Answer 15

Angiosarcoma of the liver

Question 16

Occupational Cancer

What cancer is associated with working with benzes

Answer 16

leukemias and lymphomas

Question 17

Occupational Cancer

What cancer is associated with working with Nickel?

Answer 17

Nasal Cancer

Question 18

At what site is most dietary iron absorbed?

Answer 18

duodenum

Question 19

What USS findings would you get with a liver haemangioma?

Answer 19

• separated from normal liver by ring of fibrous tissue
• hyperechoic lesions

Question 20

what medication are liver cell adenomas associated with

Answer 20

oral contraceptive pill

Question 21

what USS featrures would be seen with a liver cell adenoma

Answer 21

• mixed echoity
• heterogenous texture

Question 22

what is the treatment of an amoebic abscess

Answer 22

metronidazole

Question 23

infection with which organism is associated with hydatid cysts

Answer 23

Echoinococcus infection

Question 24

What is the difference between a haramatoma and chondroma

Answer 24

a harmatoma contains fat, smooth muscle, epithelial and stromal elements

a chondroma contains only cartilaginous components

Question 25

which clotting factors are most affected by temperature?

Answer 25

V and VIII

Question 26

what is the normal pH of the stomach?

Answer 26

2

Question 27

What is the most common extracolonic lesion in FAP?

Answer 27

Duodenal Polyps

Question 28

what type of cancer is associated with Achalysia, smoking and alcohol intake

Answer 28

Squamous cell carcinoma

Question 29

what type of cancer is most associated with barrats oesophagus?

Answer 29

adenocarcinoma

Question 30

what conditions are associated with EBV infection?

Answer 30

Burkitt’s lymphoma
Hodgkin’s lymphoma
Post transplant lymphoma
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Question 31

which component of the full blood count is first to be affected post splenectomy?

Answer 31

Reticulocytes increase

Question 32

what type of amino acid is present in al types of collagen?

Answer 32

Glycine

Question 33

what is the monitoring required for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm?

Answer 33

USS surveillance of AAA:
3cm- 4.4cm - 1 year
4.5-5.4cm- 3 monthly

Question 34

Schistomsomiasis can cause recurrent attacks of haematuria, but what cancer is it associated with?

Answer 34

SCC of the bladder

Question 35

What is the most common paratesticular tumour in children?

Answer 35

Rhabdomyosarcoma

Question 36

What chemical mediators are involved in the process of inflammation/

Answer 36

leukotrienes
histamine
serotinin
prostoglandins

Question 37

if a patient comes in with abdominal pain and blue lines on the gum margin, what condition are you suspecting?

Answer 37

Lead poisoning

Question 38

in what subtype of hodgkins lymphoma would popcorn cells be associated with?

Answer 38

Nodular Lymphocytic predominant

Question 39

staining with which agent is used to identify TB?

Answer 39

Ziehl-Neelsen stain

Question 40

what pathogen causes hydatid cysts?

Answer 40

Echinococcus granulosus

Question 41

what symptoms can hydatid cysts cause?

Answer 41

they can rupture in to the abdomen an cause daughter cells and anaphalactic shock

they can rupture in to the biliary system which can cause biliary colic, jaundice and urticaria.

the pathogen Echinococcus granulosus can cause a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction and causes an urticarial rash