Pathology 12% 8Q Flashcards
epithelial lined lesion in the jaw appearing as a radiolucency in the alveolar process unassociated with a tooth - appears where a tooth should form but didn’t
primordial cyst
a true cyst inadvertently left behind during extraction. May be of apical (inflammatory) or dentigerous (developmental) origin. Surgical removal will resolve this lesion.
residual cyst
a common true epithelial lined jaw cyst appearing as a radiolucency surrounding the crown of an unerupted or impacted tooth
dentigerous cyst
an uncommon benign jaw neoplasm of odontogenic epithelium appearing as a unilocular or multilocular radiolucency - difficult to eradicate, with common recurrence
ameloblastoma
etiology of an ameloblastoma
odontogenic epithelium
most common location of an ameloblastoma is:
posterior mandible
Clinical and radiographic presentation of an ameloblastoma?
Clinical: large lesions may cause jaw expansion, otherwise none
Radiographic: multilocular radiolucency, small lesions may be unilocular
microscopic presentation of ameloblastoma lesion
proliferating epithelial structures resembling “enamel organs”
Due to the common recurrence of ameloblastomas, treatment prognosis is good with:
wide surgical excision
Ameloblastomas favor patients over ___y/o
Male ___ Female
White ___ Black
18
M > F
B > W
BM > FB > WM > WF
Cementoblastomas usually appear before age ___
25
where are cementoblastomas most common?
Mandibular first premolar region
T/F: Teeth involved with cementoblastomas retain pulp vitality
True
Cementoblastomas are associated with what clinical presentations? radiographic?
pain, swelling, and expansion of cortical plates
lesions are continuous with roots, which are resorbed
Excessive deposit of cementum on root surface
hypercementosis
diagnosis for a case scenario showing a patient with caries and radiopacity in lower right molar:
Hypercementosis
diagnosis for a case scenario showing a patient with caries and radiopacity in lower right molar:
Hypercementosis
another name for Paget’s Disease
Osteitis Deformans
An uncommon fibrous condition of unknown cause that produces enlargement of the skull and jaws. It has distinctive
radiographic cotton wool appearance
Paget’s disease
In Paget’s disease, patient presents with a high amount of ________ _____________ in the blood. It is difficult to treat, and ultimately
_______.
alkaline phosphatase
fatal
clinical presentations Paget’s disease
Enlargement of the maxilla
may have considerable bone pain
Paresthesia
dental problems common
T/F: etiology of Paget’s disease is unknown
True
radiographic appearance of Paget’s disease
Diffuse radiolucencies/opacities → Cotton Wool
hypercementosis
Paget’s disease histological appearance
proliferating fibrous CT stroma with bone resorption and deposition
The prognosis of paget’s disease is poor. The disease is ultimately fatal due to the continual enlargement and weakening of bones which have the potential of undergoing spontaneous malignant transformation to _________________.
osteosarcoma
asymptomatic, regional alteration of bone where architecture is replaced by fibrous tissue and nonfunctional trabeculae-like osseous structures; lesions (may be monostatic or polystatic, with or without associated
endocrine disturbances)
fibrous dysplasia
fibrous dysplasia most commonly affects what age group?
juveniles and young adults
Like Paget’s disease, ____________ ______________ presents with an increased level of serum alkaline phosphatase
fibrous dysplasia
The radiographic appearance for fibrous dysplasia is a diffuse increase in bone trabeculation, commonly called
“ground glass/orange peel”
periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia typically affects (max/mand) (anterior/posterior) teeth
mandibular anterior
periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia typically affects (white/black) (males/females) in their (20s/30s/40s/50s)
black females in their 40s
periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia has ___ stages of radiolucency and radiopacity
3
T/F: Teeth affected by periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia remain vital
True
Albers-Schonberg or marble bone (highly radiopaque, very fragile) radiographic appearance describes patients affected by
Osteoporosis
osteoporosis most commonly affects which populations? (3)
postmenopausal women
sedentary individuals
long term steroid therapy
a fairly common condition usually without severe signs or
symptoms recognized by a well defined radiopacity at the apex of a non vital tooth
condensing osteitis
Pathogenesis of condensing osteitis
stimulation of bone production by chronic inflammation
Therapy for condensing osteitis requires
root canal or extraction
Syndrome associated with elongation of the styloid process and stylohyoid ligament calcification
Eagle’s syndrome
In patients with Eagle’ syndrome, the tissues in the throat rub on the styloid process during the act of swallowing with resulting pain along the ________________ nerve
glossopharyngeal
Symptoms of Eagle’s syndrome
- pain upon swallowing
- pain upon turning the head or extending the tongue
- voice alteration
- cough
- dizziness
- sinusitis
- bloodshot eyes
Name the molecule that would be high in serum levels during acute or chronic hepatitis B infection, indicating the person is infectious
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen
HBsAg
In response to Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg), the body will produce ____________
Hepatitis B Surface Antibody
(anti-HBs)
Hepatitis B Surface Antibodies (anti-HBs) Indicates
recovery and immunity from HBV infection
T/F: A person vaccinated against Hepatitis B will develop Hepatitis B Surface Antibodies (anti-HBs)
True
What molecule indicates previous or ongoing infection with HBV in an undefined time frame?
total Hepatitis B Core Antibody
anti-HBc
total Hepatitis B Core Antibody (anti-HBc) appears at what point in the cycle of HepB infection? How long does it persist?
onset of symptoms
persists for life
the response molecule created in the presence of total Hepatitis B Core Antibody (anti-HBc) is ________________. It appears during acute or recent HBV infection and is present for ___ months
IgM Antibody to Hepatitis B Core Antigen
IgM anti-HBc
6 months
symptoms of Hep B infection can persist how long?
4 weeks - 6 months after infection
it can be up to ___ months after Hep B infection for liver tests to show normal function
6 mo.
a positive result for a Tuberculosis test means:
the patient has been exposed
osteosarcoma radiographic appearance can be described as
sun burst appearance
osteosarcoma has similar symptoms to and can manifest as _______
myositis
myositis has similar symptoms to and can manifest as _____________
osteosarcoma
muscle pain following injury or infection, limited ROM due to pain and swelling
myositis
Rheumatoid Arthritis is a systemic disease with diffuse inflammation of __________ lining
synovial
herpetic gingivostomatitis symptoms (4)
Low grade fever
lymphadenopathy
malaise
multiple ulcer in oral cavity
consideration for patients with heart Valve problems:
infective endocarditis
consideration for patients with Cerebral Palsy:
muscular dysfunction
Most common location for a sialolith
submandibular gland
Most common malignant bone tumor
**Osteosarcoma (Ewing’s)
or Multiple Myeloma
In a case report: Case: Punched out RL in Mn of 43 yo man. Not associated with roots of teeth. Increase in serum Ca+. Normal Alkaline Phosphatase
Multiple Myeloma
Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphasia, increased infection, weight loss, ketone increase, blurred vision
These symptoms describe which condition?
Diabetes mellitus
blood glucose > 160 mg/dl indicates
diabetes mellitus
Rheumatic Fever is caused by
streptococcal bacteria
Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis is caused by
Streptococcus viridans
The portal of entry for strep viridans to enter the bloodstream and cause Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis is
- Mucosal gingival bleeding
- Salivary glands
- Lymphatics
Case: as a result of dental prophylaxis, microorganisms around teeth enter the bloodstream. This is an example of:
Bacteremia
the most common oral manifestation of HIV is
Canididiasis
a type of cancer that forms in the lining of blood and lymph vessels. The tumors/lesions) typically appear as painless purplish spots on the legs, feet or face. Lesions can also appear in the genital area, mouth or lymph nodes.
Kaposi’s sarcoma
HIV related Kaposi’s sarcoma is ___________ in origin
multifocal
Case: a 5 yo child has symmetric bilateral enlargement in the posterior areas of the mandible. Radiographs reveal large, multilocular radiolucencies. The most likely diagnosis is:
Cherubism (familial fibrous dysplasia)
Radiation therapy for oral cancer may result in
osteoradionecrosis
__________ __________ is a facultatively anaerobic, gram-positive coccus commonly found in the human oral cavity and is a significant contributor to tooth decay
Streptococcus mutans
inflammation or swelling that occurs in the bone
osteomyelitis
osteomyelitis is caused by
staph aureus
Name 4 diseases associated with supernumerary teeth
Crouzon’s syndrome
Down Syndrome
Cleidocranial dysplasia
Gardner’s syndrome
___% of odontogenic tumors are odontomas and ___ % are ameloblastomas. They are ___% of all oral tumors.
70%
10%
1%
lesion that is well defined margins and scalloped between teeth
Traumatic Bone Cyst
Most common odontogenic tumor
Odontoma
Most common salivary tumor
Pleiomorphic Adenoma
Most common malignant bone tumor
Osteosarcoma
