Pathology 12% 8Q Flashcards by Beatriz Tejera

epithelial lined lesion in the jaw appearing as a radiolucency in the alveolar process unassociated with a tooth - appears where a tooth should form but didn’t

primordial cyst

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a true cyst inadvertently left behind during extraction. May be of apical (inflammatory) or dentigerous (developmental) origin. Surgical removal will resolve this lesion.

residual cyst

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a common true epithelial lined jaw cyst appearing as a radiolucency surrounding the crown of an unerupted or impacted tooth

dentigerous cyst

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an uncommon benign jaw neoplasm of odontogenic epithelium appearing as a unilocular or multilocular radiolucency - difficult to eradicate, with common recurrence

ameloblastoma

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etiology of an ameloblastoma

odontogenic epithelium

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most common location of an ameloblastoma is:

posterior mandible

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Clinical and radiographic presentation of an ameloblastoma?

Clinical: large lesions may cause jaw expansion, otherwise none

Radiographic: multilocular radiolucency, small lesions may be unilocular

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microscopic presentation of ameloblastoma lesion

proliferating epithelial structures resembling “enamel organs”

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Due to the common recurrence of ameloblastomas, treatment prognosis is good with:

wide surgical excision

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Ameloblastomas favor patients over ___y/o

Male ___ Female

White ___ Black

M > F

B > W

BM > FB > WM > WF

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Cementoblastomas usually appear before age ___

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where are cementoblastomas most common?

Mandibular first premolar region

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T/F: Teeth involved with cementoblastomas retain pulp vitality

True

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Cementoblastomas are associated with what clinical presentations? radiographic?

pain, swelling, and expansion of cortical plates

lesions are continuous with roots, which are resorbed

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Excessive deposit of cementum on root surface

hypercementosis

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diagnosis for a case scenario showing a patient with caries and radiopacity in lower right molar:

Hypercementosis

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diagnosis for a case scenario showing a patient with caries and radiopacity in lower right molar:

Hypercementosis

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another name for Paget’s Disease

Osteitis Deformans

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An uncommon fibrous condition of unknown cause that produces enlargement of the skull and jaws. It has distinctive
radiographic cotton wool appearance

Paget’s disease

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In Paget’s disease, patient presents with a high amount of ________ _____________ in the blood. It is difficult to treat, and ultimately
_______.

alkaline phosphatase

fatal

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clinical presentations Paget’s disease

Enlargement of the maxilla

may have considerable bone pain

Paresthesia

dental problems common

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T/F: etiology of Paget’s disease is unknown

True

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radiographic appearance of Paget’s disease

Diffuse radiolucencies/opacities → Cotton Wool

hypercementosis

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Paget’s disease histological appearance

proliferating fibrous CT stroma with bone resorption and deposition

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The prognosis of paget's disease is poor. The disease is ultimately fatal due to the continual enlargement and weakening of bones which have the potential of undergoing spontaneous malignant transformation to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

osteosarcoma

**_asymptomatic_**, regional alteration of bone where architecture is replaced by fibrous tissue and nonfunctional trabeculae-like osseous structures; lesions (may be monostatic or polystatic, with or without associated endocrine disturbances)

fibrous dysplasia

fibrous dysplasia most commonly affects what age group?

juveniles and young adults

Like Paget's disease, ____________ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ presents with an increased level of serum alkaline phosphatase

fibrous dysplasia

The radiographic appearance for fibrous dysplasia is a diffuse increase in bone trabeculation, commonly called

“ground glass/orange peel”

periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia typically affects (max/mand) (anterior/posterior) teeth

mandibular anterior

periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia typically affects (white/black) (males/females) in their (20s/30s/40s/50s)

black females in their 40s

periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia has ___ stages of radiolucency and radiopacity

T/F: Teeth affected by periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia remain vital

True

Albers-Schonberg or marble bone (highly radiopaque, very fragile) radiographic appearance describes patients affected by

Osteoporosis

osteoporosis most commonly affects which populations? (3)

postmenopausal women sedentary individuals long term steroid therapy

a fairly common condition usually without severe signs or symptoms recognized by a well defined radiopacity at the apex of a **non vital** tooth

condensing osteitis

Pathogenesis of condensing osteitis

stimulation of bone production by chronic inflammation

Therapy for condensing osteitis requires

root canal or extraction

Syndrome associated with elongation of the styloid process and stylohyoid ligament calcification

Eagle's syndrome

In patients with Eagle' syndrome, the tissues in the throat rub on the styloid process during the act of swallowing with resulting pain along the ________________ nerve

glossopharyngeal

Symptoms of Eagle's syndrome

1. pain upon swallowing 2. pain upon turning the head or extending the tongue 3. voice alteration 4. cough 5. dizziness 6. sinusitis 7. bloodshot eyes

Name the molecule that would be high in serum levels during acute or chronic hepatitis B infection, indicating the person is **infectious**

Hepatitis B Surface **Antigen** HBsAg

In response to Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg), the body will produce \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Hepatitis B Surface **Antibody** (anti-HBs)

Hepatitis B Surface Antibodies (anti-HBs) Indicates

recovery and immunity from HBV infection

T/F: A person vaccinated against Hepatitis B will develop Hepatitis B Surface Antibodies (anti-HBs)

True

What molecule indicates previous or ongoing infection with HBV in an undefined time frame?

total Hepatitis B Core Antibody anti-HBc

total Hepatitis B Core Antibody (anti-HBc) appears at what point in the cycle of HepB infection? How long does it persist?

onset of symptoms persists for life

the response molecule created in the presence of total Hepatitis B Core Antibody (anti-HBc) is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. It appears during acute or recent HBV infection and is present for ___ months

IgM Antibody to Hepatitis B Core Antigen IgM anti-HBc 6 months

symptoms of Hep B infection can persist how long?

4 weeks - 6 months after infection

it can be up to ___ months after Hep B infection for liver tests to show normal function

6 mo.

a positive result for a Tuberculosis test means:

the patient has been exposed

osteosarcoma radiographic appearance can be described as

sun burst appearance

osteosarcoma has similar symptoms to and can manifest as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_

myositis

myositis has similar symptoms to and can manifest as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

osteosarcoma

muscle pain following injury or infection, limited ROM due to pain and swelling

myositis

Rheumatoid Arthritis is a systemic disease with diffuse inflammation of __________ lining

synovial

herpetic gingivostomatitis symptoms (4)

Low grade fever lymphadenopathy malaise multiple ulcer in oral cavity

consideration for patients with heart Valve problems:

infective endocarditis

consideration for patients with Cerebral Palsy:

muscular dysfunction

Most common location for a sialolith

submandibular gland

Most common malignant bone tumor

\*\*Osteosarcoma (Ewing's) or Multiple Myeloma

In a case report: *Case: Punched out RL in Mn of 43 yo man. Not associated with roots of teeth. Increase in serum Ca+. Normal Alkaline Phosphatase*

*Multiple Myeloma*

Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphasia, increased infection, weight loss, ketone increase, blurred vision These symptoms describe which condition?

Diabetes mellitus

blood glucose \> 160 mg/dl indicates

diabetes mellitus

Rheumatic Fever is caused by

streptococcal bacteria

Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis is caused by

Streptococcus viridans

The portal of entry for strep viridans to enter the bloodstream and cause Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis is

1. Mucosal gingival bleeding 2. Salivary glands 3. Lymphatics

*Case: as a result of dental prophylaxis, microorganisms around teeth enter the bloodstream. This is an example of:*

*Bacteremia*

the most common oral manifestation of HIV is

Canididiasis

a type of cancer that forms in the lining of blood and lymph vessels. The tumors/lesions) typically appear as painless purplish spots on the legs, feet or face. Lesions can also appear in the genital area, mouth or lymph nodes.

Kaposi's sarcoma

HIV related Kaposi's sarcoma is ___________ in origin

multifocal

*Case: a 5 yo child has symmetric bilateral enlargement in the posterior areas of the mandible. Radiographs reveal large, multilocular radiolucencies. The most likely diagnosis is:*

***Cherubism** (familial fibrous dysplasia)*

Radiation therapy for oral cancer may result in

**osteoradionecrosis**

\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ __________ is a facultatively anaerobic, gram-positive coccus commonly found in the human oral cavity and is a significant contributor to tooth decay

Streptococcus mutans

inflammation or swelling that occurs in the bone

osteomyelitis

osteomyelitis is caused by

staph aureus

Name 4 diseases associated with supernumerary teeth

Crouzon's syndrome Down Syndrome Cleidocranial dysplasia Gardner's syndrome

\_\_\_% of odontogenic tumors are **odontomas** and ___ % are **ameloblastomas**. They are \_\_\_% of all oral tumors.

70% 10% 1%

lesion that is well defined margins and scalloped between teeth

Traumatic Bone Cyst

Most common odontogenic tumor

Odontoma

Most common salivary tumor

Pleiomorphic Adenoma

Most common malignant bone tumor

Osteosarcoma