Developmental Anatomy/Disturbances/Disorders 26% 17Q Flashcards
which fontanelle joins frontal and parietal bones
Anterior (Bregma, Coronal suture)
which fontanelle joins the 2 parietal and occipital bones
Posterior (Lambdoid)
in dolicocephalic patients, which suture is likely to have closed early?
Sagittal
in brachycephalic patients, which suture is likely to have closed early?
coronal suture
what is Scaphocephaly?
fusion of the saggital suture
the upper lip is formed by fusion of __________________ process and ________________________
medial nasal
maxillary protuberance
the fusion of medial nasal process and maxillary protuberance happens by week ___
5
the frontonasal process gives rise to two ____________ processes and two ____________ processes
median nasal
lateral nasal
what gives rise to the bridge of the nose, septum of nose, premaxilla, and philtrum
median nasal prominences
what gives rise to the ala of the nose
lateral nasal processes
The primary palate is formed by the ________ week from the 2 medial nasal processes and separates the developing oral and nasal tissues.
As the oronasal cavity expands, the secondary palate is formed between the ___th & ___th week by the two ___________ processes.
6th
6th and 8th
palatal
the palatal processes are part of the ____________ process.
maxillary
The palate closes by week ___ but generally happens by week 7.5-8, marking the end of the __________ period.
12
embryonic period
After the palatal processes have fused they continue to grow further __________, while merging in the midline to form the ________________ and ___________. This process is completed by 12 weeks.
posteriorly
soft palate and uvula
CLP pts have reduced __________ facial height
upper
Alveolar grafting should be performed when 2/3 of the __________ root is formed.
canine
Infants with repaired CLP have deficiency of soft palate and likely _________________ insufficiency
velopharyngeal
Pt with CLP are best retained with retainer and a ____________
pontic
medical term for soft palate
velum
_______________ occurs when speech is affected by an inability to build up intraoral pressure due to communication between the oral and nasal cavity
hypernasality
the incidence of CLP in whites is 1/___
1/800
CLP is most common in which population? Rank these:
white, black, indian, asian
Indian > Asian > White > Black
The probability of CLP when 1 sibling or kin is affected is ___%
4%
The probability of CLP when no sibling but 1 kin is affected is ___%
4%
The probability of CLP when no sibling but 1 parent is affected is ___%
4%
The probability of CLP when 2 siblings are affected is ___%
9%
The probability of CLP when 1 sibling and 1 parent are affected is ___%
17%
the rule for repair of cleft lip is that it happens:
10 weeks, 10 lbs, 10 Hg
cleft lip happens due to failure of fusion of the ________________ and ______________ prominence
median nasal & maxillary prominence
Which is NOT a finding associated with cleft palate:
- Rotated incisors
- Missing laterals
- Ectopic eruption
- Supernumeraries
- Impacted centrals
- Posteriorx-bite
- Impacted centrals
the palate is formed by week ___ in utero
6
repair of cleft palate happens at ___ - ___ months
10 - 18 mo
cleft palate happens due to failure of fusion of the ___________ processes (outgrowth of the maxillary processes)
palatine
in cleft palate repair, tissue scarring leads to ____________ growth
decreased
cleft lip and palate occurs at week ___ - ___
6 - 8
what is more common? cleft lip or cleft palate?
cleft lip
Cervical clefts and diverticula are formed by failure of fusion of brachial ____________
arches
the tongue forms in utero in week ___. The anterior forms from the ___ pharyngeal arch and the posterior portion forms fro the ___ and ___ pharyngeal arch.
4th week
anterior 1st
posterior 3rd and 4th
Hypotelorism occurs due to __________ clefts;
hypertelorism occurs due to _________ clefts.
oro-ocular clefts
midline clefts
Crouzon’s syndrome is associated with what three distinct features?
CrOU
- Craniosynostosis: coronal or lambdoid
- Ocular proptosis: shallow orbits. Crossed (strabismus) and/or wide set eyes
- Underdeveloped midface: receded cheekbones or exopthalmus (bulging eyes)
Patients with Crouzon’s syndrome are subject to visual disturbances; doing a __________ can prevent blindness.
LeFort II (online sources say LeFort III)
In addition to the 3 major features, patients with Crouzon’s syndrome could be subject to cleft ____________.
palate
In patients with Apert’s syndrome, they present with peaked heads and unusual facial appearance. This is due to the associated __________________ where ALL sutures fuse prematurely.
craniosynostosis
Is Crouzon’s syndrome autosomal Domminant?
yes
Apert’s syndrome is autosomal _________
dominant
Which syndrome is due to a mutation of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2.
Apert’s syndrome
The most recognizable clinical appearance of Apert’s syndrome is:
syndactyly - usually the 2nd, 3rd or 4th fingers