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Last Ditch > Pathology > Flashcards

Pathology Flashcards

0
Q

Type of hypersensitivity: Mantoux test

A

IV

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1
Q

Cobblestone appearance

A

Chron’s disease

TB of the colon ~ caseating granuloma

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2
Q

Type of hypersensitivity: ABO incompatibility

A

Type II

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3
Q

Substance responsible for caseous necrosis

A

Phosphatides

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4
Q

Virulence of MTB

A

Cord factor

Trehalose mycolate

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5
Q

C-myc

A

Burkitt’s lymphoma

Associated with EBV

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6
Q

Starry sky appearance of the lymph nodes

A

Burkitt’s lymphoma

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7
Q

Translocation in Burkitt’s lymphoma

A

t(8,14)

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8
Q

KRAS

A

Colon

Kolon, PanKreatic

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9
Q

S-100

A

Melanoma

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10
Q

Most common type of melanoma

A

Superficial spreading

SS - sikat na sikat

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11
Q

Precursor of a melanoma

A

Dysplastic nevus

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12
Q

Translocation in CML

A

T(9,22)

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13
Q

Sea blue histiocytes

A

CML

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14
Q

Anti-gliadin

A

Tropical sprue

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15
Q

Anti centromere

A

CREST syndrome

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16
Q

Anti histones

A

Drug-induced lupus

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17
Q

Anti-glomerular basement membrane

A

Goodpasteur’s syndrome

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18
Q

Anti-Scl

A

Scleroderma

Tightening of the skin

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19
Q

Malar rash/butterfly rash

A

SLE

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20
Q

Heliotrope rash

A

Dermatomyositis

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21
Q

Most common CA associated with dermatomyositis

A

Breast CA (paraneoplastic syndrome)

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22
Q

Anti-mitochondrial

A

Primary biliary cirrhosis

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23
Q

Most common manifestation of biliary cirrhosis

A

Pruritus

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24
Q

HLA-B27

A

Ankylosing sponylitis

Reiter’s syndrome

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25
Q

Earliest manifestation of ankylosing spondylitis

A

Sacro-ileitis

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26
Q

Heliotrope rash

A

Dermatomyositis

Along the eyelids

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27
Q

Shawl sign

A

Dermatomyositis

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28
Q

Gottron’s nodule

A

Dematomyositis

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29
Q

Nutmeg liver

A

Chronic passive congestion (CPC) of the liver

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30
Q

Pipestem fibrosis

A

Schistosomiasis

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31
Q

Laenec’s cirrhosis is also known as

A

Alcohol cirrhosis

micronodular cirrhosis

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32
Q

Most common type of ASD

A

Ostium secundum ASD (fossa ovalis)

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33
Q

Most commonly encountered cardiac anomaly in children? adults?

A

Children: VSD
Adults: ASD

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34
Q

Most common complication of MI

A

Ventricular fibrillation > Ventricular tachycardia

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35
Q

Most common cause of death 24-48 hours after an MI

A

Ventricular fibrillation

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36
Q

Most common cause of death in diabetics

A

CAD

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37
Q

Most common cause of ESRD

A

Diabetic nephropathy

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38
Q

S-100 is a marker for

A

Melanoma

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39
Q

Type of melanoma with the worst prognosis

A

Nodular type

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40
Q

Most common cause of post-op fever 24-48 hours

A

Atelectasis

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41
Q

Most common post-blood transfusion complication

A

Fever > Blood transfusion reaction

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42
Q

Most common post-thyroidectomy complication

A

Wound hematoma

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43
Q

Most common organ injured in blunt trauma

A

Spleen

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44
Q

Most common benign tumor of the liver

A

Cavernous hemangioma

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45
Q

Most common malignancy of the liver

A

Metastasis

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46
Q

Dermatologic manifestation for visceral malignancy (such as gastric CA)

A

Acanthosis nigrican

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47
Q

Keratin pearls

A

Squamous cell CA

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48
Q

Type of cancer developed from a Marjolin’s ulcer

A

Squamous cell CA

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49
Q

Palisading nuclei

A

Basal cell CA

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50
Q

Pearly papules

A

Basal cell CA

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51
Q

Worst headache of your life

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

Ruptured berry aneurysm (spontaneous)
ACA > ICA/MCA
Seizures/loss of consciousness

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52
Q

Most common cause of pneumonia

A

Microaspiration of gastric contents

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53
Q

Most common site of diverticulosis

A

Sigmoid

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54
Q

Most common site of polyps

A

Rectosigmoid

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55
Q

Most common cause of lobar pneumonia

A

Strep. pneumoniae

56
Q

Most common dermatome affected in herpes zoster

A

Thoracic dermatome

57
Q

Most common type of renal cell CA

A

Clear cell CA

58
Q

Responsible for the 2nd heart sound

A

Closure of the semi-lunar valves (aortic/pulmonic)

First heart sound: AV valve

59
Q

Most common and most severe form of lupus nephritis

A

WHO class IV (diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis)

60
Q

Type of nephritis associated with a wire loop appearance

A

WHO class IV (diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis)

61
Q

Action of Ghrelin

A

Increases appetite and favors accumulation of abdominal fats

62
Q

Diseases that cause: “salt craving syndrome”

A

Addison’s disease
Barter’s syndrome
Gitelman syndrome

63
Q

What is the initial mechanism of transudate formation

A

Increased vascular permeability

64
Q

In acute congestive heart failure, edema of the lower extremities is due to

A

Increased hydrostatic pressure

65
Q

Cholangiocarcinoma at the junction of the hepatic ducts

A

Klatskin tumor

66
Q

In parathyroid CA, how much of the parathyroid is resected

A

3.5

67
Q

Number of lobes the prostate gland has

A

5 lobes

68
Q

Normal weight of the prostate

A

20-30 g

69
Q

Blood sugar level which causes hypoglycemia

A

<70 mg/dL

70
Q

What blood sugar levels will cause seizure

A

<40 mg/dL

71
Q

Diabetes type 2 complication? type 1?

A

Type 2: HONK (Hyperosmolar nonketotic state)

Type 1: DKA (acetone/fruity breath)

72
Q

Type of nephropathy with the best response to steroids

A

Minimal change disease

Lipoid nephrosis

73
Q

Lipoid nephrosis is also known as

A

Minimal change disease

74
Q

Spike and dome appearance in the kidneys

A

Membranous glomerulonephritis

75
Q

Lumpy-bumpy appearance of the GN

A

Acute post strep GN

76
Q

Tram track kidneys

Double contour

A

Membranoproliferative GN

77
Q

Tamm horsefall protein

A

Uromodulin

Proteins in the kidney

78
Q

The most characteristic renal finding in DM

A

Nodular glomerulosclerosis

79
Q

Kimmilstiel-Wilson

A

Nodular sclerosis in diabetics

80
Q

Lesions in DM kidney

A

Kimmilstiel-Wilson

Armani-Ebstein lesions

81
Q

Armani-Ebstein lesions are seen in

A

DM kidney

82
Q

Cervical CA is associated with which HPV serotype

A

HPV 16 and 18

83
Q

Owl’s eye appearance

A

CMV - Gancyclovir

Reed Sternberg cells - Hodgkin’s lymphoma

84
Q

Lacunar cells

A

Reed-Sternberg cells

Mirror images
Owl’s eyes

85
Q

Napkin ring appearance

A

Colorectal CA

Apple core appearance

86
Q

Dewdrop vesicle/Tear drop vesicles

A

Varicella zoster

87
Q

Splitting of the skin

A

Staphyloccocal scalded skin syndrome

Toxin: Exfoliatin
Attacks the basement membrane leading to splitting of the epidermis and dermis

88
Q

Main pathophysiology of shock

A

Vasodilatation

89
Q

Tumor marker for a yolk sac tumor

A

Alpha feto-protein

Also seen in hepatoma

90
Q

Strawberry mucosa

A

Gallbladder cholesterolosis

91
Q

Strawberry gingiva

A

Wegner’s granulomatosis

92
Q

Strawberry tongue

A

Kawasaki

Scarlet Fever

93
Q

Watermelon stomach

A

GAVE (gastric antral vascular ectasia)

94
Q

Cherry red mucosa

A

Carbon monoxide poisoning

95
Q

Blueberry muffin appearance

A

Congenital rubella syndrome

AML, ALL

96
Q

Cottage cheese appearance

A

Vaginal candidiasis

97
Q

Salmon colored discharge

A

Wound dehisence

98
Q

Boiled lobster appearance

A

Scarlet fever

99
Q

Most common site of endometriosis

A

Ovaries

100
Q

Salt and pepper chromatin

A

Pheochromocytoma

101
Q

Microscopic finding of a mosaic/lamellar pattern

A

Paget’s disease of the bone

aka Osteitis deformans

102
Q

Starry sky pattern of the lymph nodes

A

Burkitt’s lymphoma

103
Q

Orphan Annie nuclei

A

Papillary thyroid CA

Clear cell = orphan annie

104
Q

Crew-cut appearance

A

Beta thalassemia

Due to bone marrow hyperplasia

105
Q

Chimpunk facies

A

Beta thalassemia

106
Q

Sanded nuclei

A

Chronic hepatitis B infection

107
Q

Sea blue histiocytes

A

CML

108
Q

Libman’s Sacks endocarditis

A

SLE

109
Q

Auer rods

A

AML

110
Q

Strap cells

A

Rhabdomyosarcoma

111
Q

Tobacco pouch appearance of the fallopian tube

A

Pelvic TB

112
Q

Reid index

A

Chronic bronchitis

113
Q

Collar button lesions

A

Ulcerative colitis

Associated with sclerosing cholangitis

114
Q

Non-edematous PEM

A

Marasmus

Emaciation
Shrunken and wizened face

115
Q

Disease of the displaced child

A

Marasmus

Problem: calorie deficiency

116
Q

Edematous PEM

A

Kwashiorkor

Dermatitis, depigmentation
Hair is sparse and thin
Bipedal edema
Problem: protein deficiency

117
Q

Flag sign/Signa de bandera

A

Kwashiorkor

Acrodermatitis enteropathica: zinc defieincy

118
Q

Affected collagen in Alport syndrome

A

Type IV

Hereditary nephritis with hearing loss

119
Q

During which part of sleep are nightmares and dreams noted

A

Slow wave sleep

120
Q

Anti Dds DNA Ab (ANA)

A

SLE

Type III hypersensitivity

121
Q

Anti-epithelial cell Ab

A

Pemphigus vulgaris

122
Q

Anticentromere Ab

A

Scleroderma (CREST)

123
Q

Anti-gliadin Ab

A

Celiac disease

124
Q

Anti-histone

A

Drug-induced SLE

125
Q

Anti mitochondrial antibody

A

Primary biliary cirrhosis

126
Q

Increased alpha-feto protein

A

Yolk sac tumor

HCC

127
Q

Anti platelet antibodies

A

ITP

128
Q

Apple green birefringence

A

Amyloidosis

129
Q

Aschoff bodies

A

Rheumatic fever

Painless fibrinoid nodule in myocardium

130
Q

Ash leaf spots

A

Tuberous sclerosis

131
Q

Atypical lymphocytosis

A

Mononucleosis

132
Q

Autoantibodies against alveolar and glomerular basement membrane proteins

A

Goodpasture’s syndrome

133
Q

Bilateral amygdala lesions

A

Kluver-Bucy syndrome

Hyperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperorality, hyperdocility,

134
Q

Birbeck granules on EM

A

Histiocytosis X

135
Q

Nystagmus + intention tremor - scanning speech

A

Multiple Sclerosis

Charcot’s Triad

136
Q

Positive C-anca

A

Wegener’s granulomatosis

137
Q

Schiller-Duval bodies

A

Yolk-sac tumor

138
Q

Leriche’s syndrome

A

Occlusion of distal aorta

Hip, thigh, and calf fatigue
Impotence

Last Ditch (14 decks)

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