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ClinMed II > Pathologies Related to the Pelvis and Hip > Flashcards

Pathologies Related to the Pelvis and Hip Flashcards

1
Q

function of colon and rectum

A

colon = dehydrate food and form into stool; bacteria feed on waste and break down further

rectum = stool stored prior to bowel movement

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2
Q

incidence/prevalence of colorectal cancer

A

3rd most common cancer

2nd leading cause of cancer death

most commonly metastasizes to thorax

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3
Q

risk factors for colorectal cancer

A

> 50
family hx
male
IBS
obesity
smoking/alcohol
diets low in veggies and high in sugar and animal fat

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4
Q

pathogenesis of colorectal cancer

A

malignant neoplasm that develops in large intestines

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5
Q

possible Hx for colorectal cancer

A

cancer S&S

possible referred pain that is dull/diffuses to L lower quadrant (T10-S2)

change in bowel/bladder function; possible obstruction

bloody (hallmark) or black stool

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6
Q

observation for colorectal cancer

A

wavelike motion in lower L quadrant if obstructed

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7
Q

lymph node findings for cancer

A

abnormal

> 2cm

firm/immobile

Non tender

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8
Q

signs that you may find with colorectal cancer

A

pain with palpation and percussion in lower left quadrant with inflammation

vital signs = fever

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9
Q

PT implications for colorectal pain

A

ensure routine screening i.e. colonoscopy beginning at 45

exercise helps bowel function and transit time

urgent referral to MD

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10
Q

function of cervix

A

sex cell motility

protect from bacteria/foreign objects

path for birthing

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11
Q

risk factors and etiology for cervical cancer

A

human papillomavirus (HPV) is primary risk factor

drug and alcohol use that inhibits judgement

> 5 sexual partners

has become very preventable

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12
Q

incidence/prevalence for cervical cancer

A

3rd most common female cancer behind breast and colorectal

increasing in younger females

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13
Q

how does HPV create a pathogenesis for cervical cancer

A

HPV limits neoplasm surpressors in cervix and allows malignant neoplasm to develop

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14
Q

Hx possible for cervical cancer

A

cancer S&S

pelvic/LBP

excessive and untimely bleeding

bowel/bladder and or sexual function due to pressure from enlarged cervix

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15
Q

PT implications if cervical cancer is suspected

A

ensure regular OB/GYN visits

HPV vaccine at 11-12; less effective after sexual activity

radiation decreases estrogen so decreased bone density may be a side effect; think about bony ramifications and diseases

URGENT REFERRAL

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16
Q

what is a chondrosarcoma (etiology, common locations and populations)

A

slow growing malignant neoplasm

sporadic and unkown etiology

common in pelvis/femur

middle aged males most affected

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17
Q

what happens with a chondrosarcoma

A

thickening of the cortex

destruction of the medullary and cortical bone

soft tissue mass

pathogenesis: chromosomal abnormalities lead to malignant cartilage neoplasm and possible bony changes

18
Q

possible Hx for chondrosarcoma

A

progressive/localized pain and swelling

cancer S&S

possible fx S&S if advanced

19
Q

exam findings for chondrosarcoma

A

potential mechanical symptoms because of space occupying potential but it wont match orthopedic conditions

possible sign of the buttock

palpation of lymph nodes like cancer

fever

20
Q

referral for chondrosarcoma

A

urgent

21
Q

incidence/prevalence of appendicitis

A

most common in late adolescence

males > females

rare in older adults but half of all deaths due to rupture are those > 70

22
Q

etiology of appendicitis

A

unknown in 50% of cases

obstruction due to neoplasm, infection, foreign body preventing normal drainage

23
Q

pathogenesis of appendicitis

A

inflammation that can result in infection, necrosis, and rupture

24
Q

Hx for appendicitis

A

classic sequence:
-periumbilical to R lower quadrant pelvic pain
-may also have R hip or groin P!
-not eating
-possible infection or cancer S&S

worse with increased abdominal pressure:
-fwd bending or knees to chest
-valsalva maneuver (i.e. coughing, laughing)

25
Q

observation with appendicitis

A

redness and swelling/hot with infection in R lower quad

26
Q

ROM findings for appendicitis

A

pain and limitations with hip and trunk flexion at end ranges

27
Q

palpation findings for appendicitis

A

> 2cm
firm

tender if infection is acute

non tender/immobile if cancer

28
Q

appendicitis referral

A

urgent unless severe pain then emergent

29
Q

overview/pathogenesis of inguinal hernia

A

congenital or aquired weakness/tearing int eh abdominal organ covering that allows portions of organs to move out of their boundary or herniate

30
Q

etiology of inguinal hernia

A

age
obesity/pregnancy
abdominal muscular weakness
trauma like sx/heavy lifting

31
Q

incidence/prevalence of inguinal hernia

A

most common type of hernia

75% of all hernias

can occur at any age

32
Q

Hx for inguinal hernia

A

painless and small at first

progressively bulges and becomes painful in groin area

worse with increased abdominal pressure

burning/pinching

may radiate into thigh/pelvic midline

33
Q

S&S for inguinal hernia

A

herniating organ may become resitricted and dysfunctional and may develop into systemic S&S of the respective organ that is herniated

ROM = pain with hip/trunk flexion at end range

pain with palpation and percussion in lower quads; palpable bulge especially with activity

34
Q

referral for inguinal hernia

A

urgent

35
Q

what is septic or infective arthritis

A

active local infection on a weakened or compromised joint at site of primary infection

36
Q

risk factors/etiology of septic or infective arthritis

A

penetrating trauma
total joint replacement
chronic joint damage
diabetes
immunosuppression
infectious disease
substance abuse
sickle cell disease
renal failure affects immunity

37
Q

incidence of septic or infective arthritis

A

most common in LE joints, particularly hip and knee

infants, children, and older adults at increased risk

38
Q

pathogenesis of septic arthritis

A

microorganizsm invasion that could be bacterial. viral, or fungal

multiplies rapidly due to weakened/compromised joint health and moist nature of synovial fluid of joint

bacteria activates clotting factors that may lead to thrombosis

massive inflammation or pannus erods articular cartilage and subchondral bone in a few weeks

39
Q

Hx and observation for septic arthritis

A

acute/sudden onset of infection and antalgic and asymmetrical gait

other infection S&S

40
Q

scan findings for septic arthritis

A

refusal to move or allow affected joint to be moved so pain and limited ROM and weakness in multiple/all directions

possible sign of buttock

41
Q

palpation for septic arthritis

A

severe TTP
abnormal lymph nodes (firm and tender)
heat
swelling

42
Q

referral for septic arthritis

A

emergency

early dx is critical to avoid permanent joint and bone damage

treatment within 4 days of infection can prevent damage

ClinMed II (12 decks)

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