Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ClinMed II > Low Back Pathologies > Flashcards

Low Back Pathologies Flashcards

1
Q

characteristics of multiple myeloma

A

primary malignant tumor

in bone marrow

usually in older people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

incidence of spinal metastases

A

most common spine tumors

2nd most serious spine pathology

most commonly in the vertebral body (usually anterior)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

spine metastases are usually from what cancers

A

breast
lung
kidney
GI
thyroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

most common areas for metastasis

A

lung
liver
bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

spinal malignancy is usually in what region

A

thoracic

then lumbar

rarely cervical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

pathogenesis of spine malignancy

A

healthy bone replaced by tumor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

clinical manifestations fo spinal malignancy

A

severe spine pain
myelopathy S&S
bony alterations
cancer S&S

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what vertebral segment is aligned with the end of the spinal cord

A

L1-L2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

etiology of lumbar spinal cord myelopathy

A

most common = b/c of degenerative changes
malignancy = 20%
rare central disc herniation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how can degenerative changes cause myelopathy

A

lax/buckling of ligamentum flavum

ARDC/ARJC with arthritis/herniation

vertebral body collapse/fx

pathological instability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

specific S&S of lumbar SC myelopathy

A

extreme spine pain
mechanical reproduction
multi segment nukmbness/weakness
spastic/retentive bladder
hyperactive DTRs
+ UMN tests
hypoactive superficial reflexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is cauda equina syndrome

A

compression to some degree on one of the 20 soinal nn that originate from the end of the spinal cord or conus medullaris

can be acute or chronic

below L1/L2 segment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

prevalence of cauda equina

A

rare

2% of lumbar ARDC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

etiology of cauda equina syndrome

A

1 = mid to lower lumbar ARDC

2= degenerative spinal changes/malignancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

risk factors for cauda equina syndrome

A

mid to lower lumbar:
-persistent IDD, central > postlat
-central stenosis
-surgery

over 50

obesity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Hx indicating cauda equina

A

LBP
bowel/bladder incontinence
sex dysfunction
cancer S&S possible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

S&S of cauda equina

A

respective S&S of contributing degenerative conditions

unilateral and bilateral patchy neuro S&S
-paraesthesias in multiple derms
-multiple myotome weakness
-hypoactive DTR
-+dural mobility
-progressive/alternating findings due to SC movement

18
Q

PT implications for cauda equina

A

likely emergency

19
Q

what is osteomyelitis

A

bone infection

20
Q

what is discitis

A

disc infection

21
Q

incidence of spinal infection

A

uncommon in wealthier countries

discitis more common in lumbar

22
Q

etiology of spinal infection

A

primarily from mycobacterium TB

staphylococcus aureus and brucella are also involved at times

23
Q

risk factors for spinal infection

A

immunosupression
surgey
IV drug use
social depravation
Hx of TB or other recent infections

24
Q

pathogenesis of spinal infection

A

develops 2-3 years after initial droplet of infection into lungs

spreads via lymph/blood

infection spreads to disc more common in lumbar

abscess grows and causes n root irritation, vertebral body collapse, and cord compression

25
Q

clinical manifestations of spinal infection

A

mechanical/progressive spine pain

+ stress test for disc/vertebral body

infection S&S (especially fatigue/fever that started w/ back pain)

unexplained weight loss

TTP

LE and bowel/bladder neuro S&S if untreated

26
Q

referral for spinal infection

A

urgent unless cord/cauda equina S&S then emergency

27
Q

what imaging is good for spinal infection

A

if b/c of TB = x-ray

MRI = image of choice otherwise; can see infection 3-5 days after onset

28
Q

what do blood tests test for with spinal infections

A

not diagnostic
inflammatory markers like RBC anf C reactive proteins are better indicators of infection than WBC

presence of normal WBC does not exclude a spinal infection

29
Q

what is ankylosing spondylitis

A

type of spondyloarthropathy or spondyloarthritide

30
Q

etiology of ankylosing spondylitis

A

genetics = 90% + for HLA-B27 antigen on blood test

environmental

31
Q

incidence/prevalence of ankylosing spondylitis

A

almost as common as RA
males between 15-30 years = most common
usually in lumbosacral region

32
Q

pathogenesis of ankylosis spondylitis

A

chronic inflammation of cartilage, tendon, ligament, and synovium attachments to bone

erosive osteopenia and bony overgrowth

leads to fusion of involved joints

33
Q

common features of spondyloarthropathies or spondyloarthritides

A

autoimmune S&S
multi joint pain/inflammation
familial predisposition
extraarticular involvement of eyes, skin, GI tract, and renal/cardiac systems

“hurts to see, pee, and bend my knees”

34
Q

describe the multijoint inflammation/pain associated with spodyloartropathoes or spondyloarthritides

A

> 30 min pain/stiffness after prolonged position

pain imporves with movement

chronic inflammation of axial skeleton

asymmetric/unilateral extremity involvement to a lesser degree
-localized to entheses

35
Q

common Hx of those with ankylosing spondylitis

A

progressive LBP
onset < 40 years
lasting more than 3 months
no change with rest
night pain from static posiiton
butt/hip pain

36
Q

obervation of those with ankylosing spondylitis

A

hyperkyphosis

loss of lumbar lordosis

37
Q

scan findings for ankylosing spondylitis

A

multi directions of limited motion of involved joints
combined motion = consistent
stress test = pain with prolonged holds

38
Q

biomechanical scan findings for ankylosing spondylitis

A

multi direction hypomobile accessory motion

limited thorax excursion with manubrial and rib springs (could compromise breathing)

39
Q

referral for ankylosing spondylitis

A

urgent referral to rhematologist

40
Q

Rx for ankylosing spondylitis

A

be sensitive to trauma

fall prevention

gentle ROM and exercise considering fragility

postural edu

**all would also help with bone pathologies like osteoporosis, osteomalacia, etc

41
Q

complications of ankylosing spondylitis may lead to

A

osteoporosis

fxs

CV sublux

stenosis

fusing in certain positions

extraarticular conditions like IBS or uveitis

cardiopulmonary disorders

ClinMed II (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions