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203 MEDIMAGE - Lectures > Pathologies > Flashcards

Pathologies Flashcards

1
Q

what does anterior humeral dislocations look like

A

humeral head not aligned with glenoid fossa

inferior to the cavity

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2
Q

what does posterior humeral dislocations look like

A

light bulb sign

in the cavity but rotated wrong

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3
Q

what is hillsachs lesion, ie what causes it

A

posterolateral humeral head compression

humeral head rests against the anteroinferior glanoid

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4
Q

what is the bankart lesion, ie what causes it

A

anterior-inferior labrum shoulder injury

due to anterior shoulder dislocation

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5
Q

what shows external rotation in terms of the tubercles

A

G tubercle lateral in profile

L tubercle anterior (not seen)

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6
Q

what shows internal rotation in terms of the tubercles

A

G tubercle anterior (not seen)

L tubercle medially in profile

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7
Q

what shows neutral rotation in terms of the tubercles

A

G & L tubercle anterior (not seen/not in profile)

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8
Q

what are stable pelvis fractures

A

doesnt affect the ring

always has a point of contact maintaining the bony ring

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9
Q

what are 4 types of stable pelvis fractures

A

avulsion
duverney

sacral

ischiopubic rami

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10
Q

what is an duverney stable fracture of the pelvis

A

involves the iliac wing

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11
Q

what is an avulsion stable fracture of the pelvis

A

involves anterosuperior/anteroinferior iliac spine or ischial tuberosity

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12
Q

what are the 2 types of ischiopubic rami stable fractures

A

uni/bilateral

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13
Q

what orientation is the sacral stable pelvic fracture

A

transversely oriented

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14
Q

what are unstable pelvis fractures

A

fracture interferes with bony rings

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15
Q

what are the 3 types of unstable pelvic fractures

A

AP compression

lateral compression

vertical shear forces

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16
Q

what are AP compression in terms of unstable pelvic fractures

in terms of force direction and what joint is involved

A

forces directed in the anterior/posterior direction

symphyseal and sacroiliac joint diastasis

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17
Q

what are lateral compression in terms of unstable pelvic fractures

what 3 structures are involved

A

pubic bone fracture

SI joint and sacrum

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18
Q

what are vertical shear forces in terms of unstable pelvic fractures

what structure is affected

A

hemipelvis affected

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19
Q

what are 2 locations where the femur can fracture

A

neck or shaft

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20
Q

what percentage of femur dislocations are posterior

A

85%

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21
Q

what is a posterior pelvic dislocation

A

femoral head not in articulation with acetabulum

22
Q

where is the femoral head located in a posterior dislocation

A

femoral head appears superior to acetabulum

23
Q

where is the femoral head located in an anterior dislocation

A

femoral head appears inferior to acetabulum

24
Q

what is pneumoperitoneum

A

air in abdominal cavity

25
Q

what is splenomegaly

A

enlarged spleen

26
Q

what is a pathology regarding the gall bladder

A

gall stones

27
Q

what are 2 characteristics of bowel obstruction

A

dilated small bowel loops

collapsed/normal bowel distal to expanded region

28
Q

what is volvulus

what is the sign that indicates this condition

A

twisting of bowel and mesentry

coffee bean sign

29
Q

what 4 symtpoms of osteoarthritis

A

bony spurs/osteophytes

vertebral height loss

nerve root entrapment

narrowed joint space

30
Q

what is DISH

A

abnormal calcification of spine joint soft tissue

31
Q

where is bone formation in DISH

A

Bone formation along anterior and/or posterior longitudinal ligament

32
Q

are the facet and SI joints involved in DISH

A

no

33
Q

what spine section is most common for DISH

A

thoracic

34
Q

what is ankylosing spondylitis in terms of the curve and joints involved

A

accentuated kyphosis and SI joints

bamboo spine

ossification parallel to spine

35
Q

what are the 2 type of joint dislocation in the spine

A

unilateral and bilateral facet joint dislocation

36
Q

what is unilateral facet joint dislocation

A

C4/C5

missing spinous process on AP

37
Q

what is bilateral facet joint dislocation

A

Anterior/Posterior Displacement of C5

More than ½ the vertebrae has displaced

38
Q

what is Spondylolisthesis

A

vertebrae slips out onto the one below it

microfracture of the pars interarticualris

39
Q

what is a teardrop fracture

4 factors

A

Posterior ligament disruption

Anterior compression fracture of vert body

Avulsion fracture

Posterior displacement of vert body into spinal canal (spinal cord compression)

40
Q

what is a hangmans fracture

4 things

A

Pars interarticularis C2 #

Avulsion of anterior/inferior corner of C2

Anterior dislocation of C2 vert body

Bilateral C2 pars interarticularis #

41
Q

where are 2 places that a odontoid fracture can occur at

A

top of peg and base of peg

42
Q

what is a jefferson fracture

3 things

A

C1 bony ring compression

Lateral masses split, transverse ligament tear

C1 lateral masses displaced beyond margins of C2 body

43
Q

what is spondylitis in terms of what part of the vertebrae is fractured

A

pars interarticularis microfracture

44
Q

what is spondylolisthesis

A

vertebra slips relative to another

Anterior/posterior displacement

45
Q

what are the following conditions

spondylosis
spondylolysis
spondylolisthesis
ankylosing spondylitis

A

spondylosis = degenerative disease of disc, joints

spondylolysis = bony defect of the pars interarticularis

spondylolisthesis = shift of one vertebra on another

ankylosing spondylitis = an arthritis that leads to the fusion of the spine and SI joints

46
Q

what is a compression fracture shape

A

wedge shaped

47
Q

what is a compression fracture break location

4 things

A

Cortical break in upper anterior vertebral body

Horizontal sclerotic band of impaction

of superior endplate

Posterior cortex body intact

48
Q

what is a burst fracture

5 things

A

Retropulsion of posterior vertebral body fragment

Cortical break in upper anterior wall of vertebral body

Horizontal sclerotic band of impaction

of superior endplate

Posterior cortex body intact

49
Q

what is a compression fracture caused by

A

collapsing as a result of pressure or degeneration of the spinal bones

50
Q

what is a wedge fracture caused by

A

degeneration of the spine or trauma

51
Q

what is a burst fracture caused by

A

when a disc/bone in your spine is extremely compressed, becoming crushed, spreading fragments throughout your spine

203 MEDIMAGE - Lectures (12 decks)

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