Pathologies Flashcards
what does anterior humeral dislocations look like
humeral head not aligned with glenoid fossa
inferior to the cavity
what does posterior humeral dislocations look like
light bulb sign
in the cavity but rotated wrong
what is hillsachs lesion, ie what causes it
posterolateral humeral head compression
humeral head rests against the anteroinferior glanoid
what is the bankart lesion, ie what causes it
anterior-inferior labrum shoulder injury
due to anterior shoulder dislocation
what shows external rotation in terms of the tubercles
G tubercle lateral in profile
L tubercle anterior (not seen)
what shows internal rotation in terms of the tubercles
G tubercle anterior (not seen)
L tubercle medially in profile
what shows neutral rotation in terms of the tubercles
G & L tubercle anterior (not seen/not in profile)
what are stable pelvis fractures
doesnt affect the ring
always has a point of contact maintaining the bony ring
what are 4 types of stable pelvis fractures
avulsion
duverney
sacral
ischiopubic rami
what is an duverney stable fracture of the pelvis
involves the iliac wing
what is an avulsion stable fracture of the pelvis
involves anterosuperior/anteroinferior iliac spine or ischial tuberosity
what are the 2 types of ischiopubic rami stable fractures
uni/bilateral
what orientation is the sacral stable pelvic fracture
transversely oriented
what are unstable pelvis fractures
fracture interferes with bony rings
what are the 3 types of unstable pelvic fractures
AP compression
lateral compression
vertical shear forces
what are AP compression in terms of unstable pelvic fractures
in terms of force direction and what joint is involved
forces directed in the anterior/posterior direction
symphyseal and sacroiliac joint diastasis
what are lateral compression in terms of unstable pelvic fractures
what 3 structures are involved
pubic bone fracture
SI joint and sacrum
what are vertical shear forces in terms of unstable pelvic fractures
what structure is affected
hemipelvis affected
what are 2 locations where the femur can fracture
neck or shaft
what percentage of femur dislocations are posterior
85%
what is a posterior pelvic dislocation
femoral head not in articulation with acetabulum
where is the femoral head located in a posterior dislocation
femoral head appears superior to acetabulum
where is the femoral head located in an anterior dislocation
femoral head appears inferior to acetabulum
what is pneumoperitoneum
air in abdominal cavity
what is splenomegaly
enlarged spleen
what is a pathology regarding the gall bladder
gall stones
what are 2 characteristics of bowel obstruction
dilated small bowel loops
collapsed/normal bowel distal to expanded region
what is volvulus
what is the sign that indicates this condition
twisting of bowel and mesentry
coffee bean sign
what 4 symtpoms of osteoarthritis
bony spurs/osteophytes
vertebral height loss
nerve root entrapment
narrowed joint space
what is DISH
abnormal calcification of spine joint soft tissue
where is bone formation in DISH
Bone formation along anterior and/or posterior longitudinal ligament
are the facet and SI joints involved in DISH
no
what spine section is most common for DISH
thoracic
what is ankylosing spondylitis in terms of the curve and joints involved
accentuated kyphosis and SI joints
bamboo spine
ossification parallel to spine
what are the 2 type of joint dislocation in the spine
unilateral and bilateral facet joint dislocation
what is unilateral facet joint dislocation
C4/C5
missing spinous process on AP
what is bilateral facet joint dislocation
Anterior/Posterior Displacement of C5
More than ½ the vertebrae has displaced
what is Spondylolisthesis
vertebrae slips out onto the one below it
microfracture of the pars interarticualris
what is a teardrop fracture
4 factors
Posterior ligament disruption
Anterior compression fracture of vert body
Avulsion fracture
Posterior displacement of vert body into spinal canal (spinal cord compression)
what is a hangmans fracture
4 things
Pars interarticularis C2 #
Avulsion of anterior/inferior corner of C2
Anterior dislocation of C2 vert body
Bilateral C2 pars interarticularis #
where are 2 places that a odontoid fracture can occur at
top of peg and base of peg
what is a jefferson fracture
3 things
C1 bony ring compression
Lateral masses split, transverse ligament tear
C1 lateral masses displaced beyond margins of C2 body
what is spondylitis in terms of what part of the vertebrae is fractured
pars interarticularis microfracture
what is spondylolisthesis
vertebra slips relative to another
Anterior/posterior displacement
what are the following conditions
spondylosis
spondylolysis
spondylolisthesis
ankylosing spondylitis
spondylosis = degenerative disease of disc, joints
spondylolysis = bony defect of the pars interarticularis
spondylolisthesis = shift of one vertebra on another
ankylosing spondylitis = an arthritis that leads to the fusion of the spine and SI joints
what is a compression fracture shape
wedge shaped
what is a compression fracture break location
4 things
Cortical break in upper anterior vertebral body
Horizontal sclerotic band of impaction
of superior endplate
Posterior cortex body intact
what is a burst fracture
5 things
Retropulsion of posterior vertebral body fragment
Cortical break in upper anterior wall of vertebral body
Horizontal sclerotic band of impaction
of superior endplate
Posterior cortex body intact
what is a compression fracture caused by
collapsing as a result of pressure or degeneration of the spinal bones
what is a wedge fracture caused by
degeneration of the spine or trauma
what is a burst fracture caused by
when a disc/bone in your spine is extremely compressed, becoming crushed, spreading fragments throughout your spine
