3. Abdomen

Question 1

what is the SID for abdomen views

Answer 1

110cm

Question 2

what is the kV used for abdomen views

Answer 2

70-80kV

Question 3

what is the mAs for abdomen views

Answer 3

32mAs

Question 4

are grids used for abdomen views

Answer 4

yes

Question 5

what is the breathing technique used for abdomen views

Answer 5

expose at the end of expiration

Question 6

what is the patient positioning for AP supine abdomen

in terms of patient body, limbs, table midline centering and rotation

Answer 6

supine

arms at sides, legs extended

MSP centered to table midline

no pelvis rotation

Question 7

what way does the patient lie if abdomen view is taken AP and PA

Answer 7

AP = supine

PA = prone

Question 8

what is the CP for AP abdomen view

Answer 8

perpendicular to the level of the iliac crest at the midline

Question 9

what is the image critique for AP supine abdomen in terms of position

in terms of what 2 things shows no rotation

Answer 9

no rotation = ASIS equidistant from table, iliac wing and outer rib margin symmetrical

Question 10

what is the image critique for AP supine abdomen in terms of area of interest

in terms of the organs, muscle and bone that should be included

Answer 10

kidney, spleen and lower liver margin

psoas muscles

air filled stomach and bowel segments

symphysis pubis

Question 11

what shows optimal exposure in the AP supine abdomen

3 things

Answer 11

optimal density and brightness and contrast = psoas lumbar transverse processes visualised

air fluid levels seen

Question 12

what is the patient positioning for a AP erect abdomen

in terms of centering the IR

Answer 12

MSP centre of IR

IR center 5cm above the iliac crest

Question 13

what is the CP for erect AP abdomen

Answer 13

horizontal ray

perpendicular to the midline at the lower costal margin

5cm above the iliac crest just above xiphisternum level

Question 14

for an erect AP abdomen how long should they stand erect for

Answer 14

5min minimum

5-10mins

Question 15

what is the image critique for the erect AP abdomen in terms of positioning

in terms of what shows no rotation

Answer 15

no rotation = iliac wing and outer lower rib margin symmetrical

Question 16

what is the image critique for the erect AP abdomen in terms of area of interest

3 things

Answer 16

air filled stomach and bowels

diaphragm

Question 17

what shows optimal exposure in the AP supine abdomen

3 things

Answer 17

optimal density and brightness and contrast = psoas lumbar transverse processes visualised

air fluid levels seen

Question 18

what is the patient positioning for a lateral decubitus abdomen

in terms of the IR, body rotation and limbs

Answer 18

back against IR

no hip or shoulder rotation

arms above head, knees flexed

Question 19

what is the CP for lateral decubitus abdomen

Answer 19

perpendicular to 5cm above the iliac crest

horizontal beam

Question 20

what side should the patient lie on for a lateral decubitus abdomen and how long for

Answer 20

left side down

5-10mins

Question 21

is the lateral decubitus abdomen AP or PA

Answer 21

AP

Question 22

what is the image critique for the lateral decubitus abdomen in terms of positioning

in terms of what shows no rotation and spine

Answer 22

no rotation = iliac wings and diaphragm symmetrical

spine straight

Question 23

what is the image critique for the lateral decubitus abdomen in terms of area of interest

4 things

Answer 23

diaphragm

both sides of the body

air filled stomach and bowel

Question 24

what shows good exposure for the lateral decubitus

in terms of what 2 things need to be seen and what shows optimum density and contrast

Answer 24

soft tissues and intraperitoneal air seen

density and contrast optimum to see lumbar spine

Question 25

what is the patient positioning for the dorsal decubitus abdomen

in terms of the arms and patient body position and position relative to IR

Answer 25

arms above head

supine

side against IR

Question 26

wat is the dorsal decubitus in terms of what type of image it is

Answer 26

lateral

Question 27

what is the image critique for the dorsal decubitus abdomen in terms of positioning

what shows no rotation

what 2 things need to be seen

Answer 27

no rotation = iliac wing and diaphragm symmetry

intervertebral joint space and vertebral bodies visible

Question 28

what is the image critique for the dorsal decubitus abdomen in terms of area of interest

1 thing

Answer 28

diaphragm

Question 29

what shows good exposure for the dorsal decubitus

in terms of what 2 things need to be seen and what shows optimum density and contrast

Answer 29

soft tissues and intraperitoneal air seen

density and contrast optimum to see lumbar spine

Question 30

what is the patient positioning for a right lateral abdomen view

in terms of what side the patient lies on, what needs to be flexed, where the arms should be and what can help maintain the lateral position

Answer 30

patient lying on right side

elbows, knees and hips flexed

arms up

pillow between knees to maintain lateral position

Question 31

what is the CP for a right lateral abdomen view

Answer 31

perpendicular to the iliac crest

Question 32

what is the image critique for the right lateral abdomen in terms of area of interest

3 things

Answer 32

air filled stomach and bowels

diaphragm

Question 33

what is the image critique for the dorsal decubitus abdomen in terms of positioning

in terms of the 3 things that show there is no rotation

Answer 33

no rotation

• posterior ribs superimposed
• iliac wing superimposed
• ASIS superimposed

Question 34

what shows good exposure for the right lateral abdomen

in terms of what 3 things that should be seen to show optimal density/brightness and contrast

Answer 34

optimal density/brightness and contrast = psoas, lumbar transverse process visualised

air fluid level seen

Question 35

what are the 5 views for the abdomen

Answer 35

Erect AP

Supine AP

lateral decubitus (AP)

dorsal decubitus (lateral)

right lateral