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pathologic findings in msk diseases > Pathologic Findings in MSK disease > Flashcards

Pathologic Findings in MSK disease Flashcards

0
Q

more reactive metabolically, classification of bone

A

cancellous bone

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1
Q

provides structural stability

A

cortical

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2
Q

lengths of long bones are formed by?

A

endochondral ossification

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3
Q

metabolic products of type 1 collagen

A

pyrodoniline,deoxy-

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4
Q

non-collagen protein that prevents mineralization and promotes bone resorption

A

osteocalcin

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5
Q

derived from osteoprogenitor cells

A

osteoblasts

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6
Q

bone not laid out along stress lines,easily broken

A

woven bone

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7
Q

collagen type of basal lamina,liber,bv

A

4

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8
Q

ellis-van creveld syndrome oyher name,

A

chondrodectodermal dysplasia - autosomal dominant,

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9
Q

jeune’s syndrome?

A

severe narrowing if the chest cage

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10
Q

marble bone disease

A

osteopetrosis

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11
Q

forms of osteopetrosis that is seen in parental consanguinity? give characteristic

A

malignant ar.

  1. splenomegaly, hepatomegaly
    2’ extramedullary hematopoiesis
    3 leukopenia
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12
Q

caused by error in the gene that causes acidifiction which is necessary for bone resorption

A

osteopetrosis

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13
Q

aka as camurati-engelmnn disease

A

progressive diaphyseal disease

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14
Q

_____ is a disorder involving syn of of ____. there is abundance of _____ bone

A

1 osteogenesis imperfecta
2 type 1 collagen
3 woven

extra feats: blue sclerae, dentonogenesis imperfecta

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15
Q

causes of overproduction of pth

A

pth adenoma (80%) pth hyperplasia 20%

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16
Q

deugs that decrease Ca absorption

A

dilantin,phenobarbital

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17
Q

occurs in esrd
pathogenesis
appear histologically as

A
  1. renal osteodystrophy
  2. reduced gfr of phosphorous leads to hyperphos. High Phosphate in blood = lower Calclium levels. Decreased Calcium leads to secondary hyperparathyroidism
  3. high and low turnover disease, mixed type
  4. appears as osteitis fibrosa (histologically)
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18
Q

most common cause and other causes of low turnover osteodystrophy

A

Al toxicity ( Al has higher affinity to hydroxyapatite than calcium) vitamins D steroids and Calcium ( when icreased supresses pth)

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19
Q

stain used to detect calclium

A

von kossa stain

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20
Q

principally attacks synovial joints, usu. peripheral joints in s systenic distribution.

A

RA

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21
Q

RA turns the synovium to ____ tissue

A

lymphoid like

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22
Q

“Triad” of raynaud’s disease

A
  1. Endothelial activity
  2. CT tissue design
  3. TH17 involvement
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23
Q

signs of Dermatomyositis

A
  1. HEliotrope sign
  2. Gottron’s papules
  3. ERytematous rash
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24
Q

ankylosing spondylitis mainly affects what joints?

A

Spine and sacroiliac joints

25
Q

Two varietes of Primary Osteoporosis

A

Senile

Post menopausal

26
Q

causes of secondary osteoporosis

A

Diabetes , corticosteroid therapy, drcondary amenorrhea

27
Q

Steps in fracture healing

A 
1 ACtual Break
2. Inflammation
3 Granulation Tissue
4 Soft Callus
5 Bony Callus
6 Bone remodelling
28
Q

STrong constant movement along a healing callus in cyst formation produces a

A

Pseudoarthrosis

29
Q

Causes of OSteonecrosis

A 
1 Fracture
2 Croticosteroids
3 Thrmobosis and embolism 
4 VAscular injury caused by radiation
5 increased interoosseous pressure
6 Venous HPN
30
Q

Subchondral infracts vs Medullary infracts

A

Subchondral infarcts: chronic pain, progressive (usually needs replacement)
MEdullary: Silent, exccept when extensive

31
Q

Osteonecrosis XR will appear

A

Increased radiopacity

32
Q

Histology of Osteonecrosis

A

trabecular bone with empty lacunae, fibrosis and ruptured fat cells

33
Q

Inflammation of the bone and marrow spaces

A

OSteomyelitis

34
Q

CAuses of pyogrnic osteomyelitis

A

1 hematogenous spread (
2 /direct spread (ask for tooth extractions, abscess in tibia)
3 direct implantation (stab wound)

35
Q

XR in osteomyelitis

A

Foci of sclerosis (involucrum)

Lytic changes

36
Q

Etiologic agent in Brodie’s Abcess

A

Staphylococcus

37
Q

Sclerosis that has increased production of osteoid

Usu. in jaw

A

Chronic Sclerosing Osteomyelitis of Garre

38
Q

kyphoscoliosis and granuoma in the vertebra is caused by

A

Tuberculous OSteomyelitis (Pott’s disease)

39
Q

biphasic peak of Osteosarcoma

A

1st peak at less than 20 with second peak in the 5th to 6th decade

40
Q

XR findings in osteosarcoma

A

Codmans Triangle, Sunburst Appearance

41
Q

In osteosarcoma, this is lifted from the periosteum and will act as scaffolding where tumor ells will atach

A

Sharpey’s fibers

42
Q

/chondrosarcoma usually involves what bones

A

Pelvis and scapulae

43
Q

CArtillage forming tumor arise from the monocyte phagocytic lineage neoplastic components are the monunuclear stromal cells

A

GCT

46
Q

In RA, Specific sets of HLA alleles have been identified which share an epitope in the HLA-DR gene. Which rheumatoid factor have arginine found in the epitope? Which has worse prognosis?

A 
Seronegative = Arginine in the epitope
Seropositive = Lysine, worse prognosis
47
Q

hyperplastic synovium inflitrated by inflammatory cells that become adherent to the underlying cartillage in RA

A

Pannus

48
Q

Histology of RA

A

Allison Ghormly bodies, Thick synovial tissue

49
Q

May involve organs resulting to Uveitis, carditis, aortitis

A

Spondyloarthropathy

50
Q

primary gout is due to what enzyme defect

A

HGRPT

51
Q

Secondary gout due to

A

Inc. nucleic acid turnover, renal disease, inborn error metabolism

52
Q

Normal serum range of URic acid

A

0.21 - 0.43 mmol/L

53
Q

FOUR distinct morphological changes in Gout

A

1 acute arthritis- neutrophilic infiltration in synovial tissue
2 chronic tophaceous arthritis
3 Tophi - urate crystals surrounded by macrophages,forming a granuloma
4 Gouty nephropathy - urate crystals in the renal medullary interstitium

54
Q

soft tissue tumor prognostication

A

1 Histological classification
2 grade
3 stage
4 location

55
Q

4 variants of liposarcoma, what has best prognosis?

A

Well-differentiated (best prognosis)

myxoid, round, pleomorphic (worse prog)

56
Q

Most common soft tissue tumor in children and adolescents

A

Rhabdomyosarcoma

57
Q

Most common translocation in Rhabdomyosarcoma

A

t(2;13), (35;14)

58
Q

3 histological Subtypes of rhabdomyosarcoma

A

/embryonal, alveolar, pleiomorphic

59
Q

Grape like clusters if rhabdomyosarcoma aooeared in preformed cavities (bladder, vagina, nasal cavity)

A

Sarcoma Botryoides

60
Q

Histo of Rhabdomyosarcoma, where do you find tadpole shaped cells

A

spindle cells with very eosinophilic cytoplasm

High-grade pleiomorphic - Tadpole shaped cells since they copy formation of skeletal muslces

84
Q

chronic systemic inflammation that mainly involved diarthroidal joints

A

RA

88
Q

OA causes muscle spasms, muscle atrophy , radicular pain, and neurologic deficits thru what pathophysiology

A

Progressive Destruction of the joint causes production of osteophytes at the periphery, Osteophyte at the vertebral foramina may impinge on nerves resulting in the symptoms above

pathologic findings in msk diseases (15 decks)

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