Pathogens

Question 1

Pathogens have to enter our body before they can do us any harm. They can get through the _____ and ______and through any _____ in our skin.

Answer 1

Nose
Mouth
Cuts

Question 2

Once inside our bodies the pathogens start ______ multiplying. Conditions in our bodies are just right for them and numbers can increase rapidly. But it takes some time before we start to feel ill. This early stage of the disease is called the ______________.

Answer 2

Rapidly

Incubation period

Question 3

How do pathogens cause disease in 2 ways?

Answer 3

• They destroy living tissue, for example, lung tissue can be destroyed by tuberculosis bacteria.
• They make poisonous waste called toxins for example, salmonella bacteria can make the toxins that cause food poisoning.

Question 4

What are symptoms?

Answer 4

The symptoms of a disease are the effects that it has on the body.

Question 5

What do we call a person who has a disease?

Answer 5

Infectious. They may pass the disease on to other people.

Question 6

Name 4 symptoms of disease:

Answer 6

• High Temperature
• Headache
• Loss of appetite
• Sickness

Question 7

How can pathogens be spread?(5)

Answer 7

• In the air
• By touching
• In food and water
• By animals
• By infected needles

Question 8

Pathogens can enter our body in the air we breathe. The pathogens can stick to _____ floating in the air. The bacteria causing _______ can be spread in this way.

Answer 8

Dust

Diphtheria

Question 9

What happens when an infected person sneezes or coughs? Give examples of diseases spread in this way.

Answer 9

Tiny drops of liquid are showered into the air. This why we sneeze or cough in a handkerchief. Viruses that cause flu and the common cold are spread in this way. So is tuberculosis when active TB bacteria are coughed or sneezed into the air.

Question 10

You can pick up some pathogens by touching an infected person. You can also become infected by touching things that an infected person has used such as ______[3]. The fungus that causes athletes feet are spread by walking on wet floors after infected people. A disease that is spread by touching is _______. Very few diseases are “”

Answer 10

Towels,Cups,Combs

Contagious.

Question 11

Food and drink can be infected with pathogens. ______[2] are spread when infected faeces get into drinking water. Infection can be passed onto food by a person with ________. This is why you should always wash your hands after going to the toilet and before you have a meal. Some food products that come from animals contain bacteria which are only destroyed by ______ thoroughly. Salmonella bacteria are found in some ________ products.

Answer 11

Dirty hands
Cooking
Poultry

Question 12

Many animal pests can carry pathogens that they pick up from ________. Flies will settle on animal dung. If they crawl over uncovered food they will spread the pathogens from the faeces like the _______ bacterium. Food should be covered up or in a fridge to avoid this. Mosquitoes can spread _____ if they bite an infected person. They carry the pathogens to the next person that they bite and so the disease is spread. Insects that carry disease in this way are _______.

Answer 12

Faeces
Dysentery
Malaria
Vectors

Question 13

Drug addicts should never share needles. If an infected person uses a needle the disease can be passed on to anyone who uses it. Viruses causing disease such as ______[2] can be passed into the blood in this way.

Answer 13

AIDS and Hepatitis

Question 14

True or false

Good hygiene is often key to preventing the spread of disease

Answer 14

True

Question 15

Name seven ways in which you can prevent infection:

Answer 15

• Wash your hands
• Wash your hair regularly
• Shower regularly
• Clean your teeth
• Thoroughly wash cuts or scratches (plasters etc.)
• Food:should be covered,cooked, keep it in fridge/freezer and cooked food should not be kept with raw food
• Water:Sterilized before consumption

Question 16

What does sterile mean?

Answer 16

Free from pathogens

Question 17

Name ways of sterilization:(5)

Answer 17

• Heating
• Chemicals
• Irradiation
• High pressure
• Filtration

Question 18

Hospitals use heat to sterilize instruments. They are heated to ______ in a type of pressure cooked called an ______.

Answer 18

120 Degrees Celsius

Autoclave

Question 19

What is an disinfectants?

Answer 19

Disinfectants are chemicals that kill pathogens. They are often used on non-living surfaces.

Question 20

What are antiseptics?

Answer 20

Antiseptics are chemicals that kill pathogens on living tissue. They are weaker than disinfectants which would damage our cells.

Question 21

In the 1860’s the British Surgeon Jospeh ______ used the first antiseptic. Listed noticed that patients’ wounds often went bad or septic after operations. He concluded that pathogens entered the wounds from the air. Listed sprayed wounds with an antiseptic called ______ ______ during the operation. He also washed scalpels and dressings with it. Far fewer patients died from infected wounds,

Answer 21

Listed

Carbolic Acid

Question 22

The ______ bacterium is of great concern to experts in infectious diseases. There is an increasing possibility that if you go into hospital for an operation or if you develop an open wound, the MRSA superbug will be there, ready and waiting to cause infection and delay healing. The bacterium was _____ %controlled by penicillin in the 1940’s but now less than ____ %respond to penicillin. Patients are treated with a combination of strong antibiotics. But MRSA should be prevented by medical ______ washing their hands between patients and by introducing a _______ program of cleanliness in hospitals.

Answer 22

MRSA 
95
10
Personnel 
Stricter