Fungi,Bacteria,Viruses

Question 1

In the 19th century __________ showed that microbes made food go bad. He thought that microbes could also cause ______. He was able to show that infectious disease was caused by _____ in hens and ______ in sheep.

Answer 1

Louis Pasteur
Disease
Cholera
Anthrax

Question 2

Robert Koch was able to prove that diseases such as Tuberculosis were caused by ______. Pure cultures of microbes when injected into healthy animals brought about the _____ Of the disease.

Answer 2

Microbes

Symptoms

Question 3

What could Koch and Pasteur not even imagine?

Answer 3

That one day not only a particular disease organism would be identified but that we could vaccinate against it and even eradicate it from the world, as in the case of small pox.

Question 4

True or false (If false explain why)

Bacteria,Fungi and Viruses are all microbes.

Answer 4

True

Question 5

True or false (If false explain why)

All microbes are extremely harmful.

Answer 5

False, because some are useful and help us make bread,cheese and wine.

Question 6

What are the microbes which cause disease called?

Answer 6

Pathogens

Question 7

True or false

Diseases like diabetes are not caused by microbes

Answer 7

True

Question 8

What are bacteria cells?

Answer 8

Cells that are big enough to be seen under the light microscope.

Question 9

Where bacteria found?

Answer 9

Everywhere in the soil,air or water.

Question 10

Bacteria can also live in living organisms. Some are useful, but others can cause disease such as________(3)

Answer 10

Pneumonia
Scarlet fever
Tuberculosis

Question 11

Differences between a bacterial cell and an animal and plant cell:

Answer 11

• The bacterial cell has a cell wall, but not made of cellulose.
• There is no proper nucleus just a loop of DNA.
• Many of the structures found in other cells such as Mitochondria are missing in bacteria.
• Bacteria often have additional loops of DNA inside their cytoplasm called plasmids.

Question 12

How can bacteria be grown?

Answer 12

-Binary fission: A colony of bacteria start with just one cell. In the right conditions, the cell divides to give 2 cells,2 cells become 4,4 cells become 8, 8 become 16.

Question 13

What are the four main phases of bacteria growth?

Answer 13

• Lag Phase
• Log Phase
• Stationary Phase
• Death Phase

Question 14

What happens in the Lag Phase and Log phase?

Answer 14

• When little growth occurs since the cells are taking up water and starting to make enzymes.
• When the population is increasing rapidly. The population increases by doubling and there is no shortage of food and water.

Question 15

What happens in the Stationary phase and the Death phase?

Answer 15

• When bacterial cells are dying at the same rate at which they are being produced. This may be because of shortage of food or because waste products are building up.
• When more cells are dying than being produced, so the population declines. Cause of death may be because of lack of food, shortage of oxygen or a build up of toxic waste products.

Question 16

Bacteria which cause disease can survive harsh conditions such as ____(3). They can rest for a long time like spores. When good conditions return, they germinate and multiply rapidly again.

Answer 16

Heat
Cold
Drought

Question 17

What are the 3 shapes of bacteria?

Answer 17

Rod(Bacillus)
Spheres(Coccus)
Spirals(Spirillum)

Question 18

Name 2 diseases cause by Fungi:

Answer 18

Ringworm

Athletes foot

Question 19

Are fungi plants?

Answer 19

No since they don’t have chlorophyll.

Question 20

What is the main fungus body called?

Answer 20

Mycelium

Question 21

What does the mycelium consist of?

Answer 21

A branching network of threads or hyphae.

Question 22

The hyphae grow over the surface of their food _____. They release enzymes which digest the food outside the fungus. The digested food is then absorbed by the hyphae.

Answer 22

Source

Question 23

How do Fungi reproduce?

Answer 23

By making spores that can carried to infect another person or animal.

Question 24

Fungi are visible under the light microscope and the spread of fungal disease increases in poor hygiene ______.

Answer 24

Conditions

Question 25

Are all viruses pathogens?

Answer 25

Yes

Question 26

What does it mean if we say viruses are parasites?

Answer 26

This means that they rely upon the cells of another organism-or a host-for food and to be able to produce.

Question 27

True or false

Viruses are extremely small, far smaller than bacteria or fungi. They are only visible under an electron microscope.

Answer 27

Tru

Question 28

How do viruses reproduce?

Answer 28

Viruses can only exist inside living cells. Once they enter the host cell, they hijack its enzymes and use them to make new viruses.

Question 29

Name the steps of virus reproduction:

Answer 29

• Virus enters the body
• The Viral DNA is injected into the host cell
• The Viral DNA instructs the enzymes in the host cell to make new virus protein coats.
• The Viral DNA also multiplies inside the host cell
• The new Viral DNA and protein costs join together to make new viruses
• The new viruses are now free to infect other cells

Question 30

Why are viruses so harmful?

Answer 30

• They reproduce so quickly

- They do not respond to antibiotics and are constantly changing to produce new resistant strains

Question 31

What diseases are caused by viruses?

Answer 31

Influenza 
Common cold 
Measles 
Chickenpox 
AIDS

Question 32

What is an epidemic?

Answer 32

An epidemic is when an infectious disease spreads rapidly through a population, such as the epidemics of new strains of influenza that can occur.

Question 33

What is a pandemic?

Answer 33

An pandemic occurs if the disease spreads over a wide area, such as a continent or the whole world. TB and AIDS are pandemic diseases.