Immunity Flashcards
What are antigens?
Chemicals on the surface of pathogens
What are antigens made of?
Protein
When you catch a disease like measles your body makes chemicals called _______. These “” stick to the _______ on the surface of the pathogen.
Antibodies
Antigens
What do antibodies do?
Antibodies make pathogens stick together.
What happens after the antibodies make the pathogens stick together?
White blood cells are then able to attack and destroy them more easily.
True or false
Each type of pathogen has a different antigen. Thus each kind of pathogen can only be destroyed by a certain kind of antibody.
True
Once you have made a particular antibody it stays in your blood for a long time. It is ready to kill any more pathogens if you get the same _______ disease. You are now ______ to that particular disease.
Disease
Immune
What are antitoxins?
Chemicals that white blood cells which destroy toxins(poisonous wastes) produced by the pathogens.
You don’t have to catch a disease to become immune to it. You can be immunized with a________.
Vaccine
What does a vaccine contain? And what do these contain?
Dead or inactive pathogens. These pathogens still have antigens and they stimulate your white cells to make antibodies. These antibodies will now destroy the antigens.
Once you have been vaccinated, your immune system will be able to react rapidly if you are infected by the same _______ again. Antibodies will be made, and the antigens destroyed possibly without you having any ________. This is called ______ immunity.
Pathogens
Symptoms
Activity
With ______ immunity you are not injected with weakened pathogens but with _______themselves. This treatment is used to give rapid protection against particularly dangerous pathogens. A good example is the disease rabies which you might catch if bitten by an infected dog.
Passive
Antibodies
Two types of white blood cells are involved in giving us immunity. They are called _____ and _______.
T Cells
B Cells
The T cells _______the antigens on the surface of the pathogens. To do this they have special ________on their surface. These receptors allow the T cells to attach to the antigens, and they can destroy them.
Recognize
Receptors
What 2 jobs to T cells have?
- recognize antigens on the surface of the pathogens
- stimulate B cells to multiply
What do B cells do?
They produce clones of themselves. These cells are then able to produce antibodies against it.
There are as many as _____million different B cells. So for every antigen that enters the body, there will almost certainly be a B cell to produce antibodies against it.
10
What are memory B cells?
These are cells that don’t actually make antibodies but they still very important because they live in the blood for a long time and remember particular antigens. Which means the next time you pick up a particular infection your immune system can respond to it very rapidly.
B cells give us what is called ______ memory.
Immunological
