pathogenic mechanisms

Question 1

Ingress entry?

Answer 1

to grow on top of surface epithelial border to still cause disease. entry without crossing epithelial barriers
(skin, Inhalation, Ingestion)

Question 2

penetration entry?

Answer 2

to cross epithelial boundaries (mucosal organs) to cause disease
example: organ transplant, cut, insect bite, receptor mediated

Question 3

what are host defenses of ingress entry?

Answer 3

Respiratory:
ciliated epithelium (sweeps out bacteria)
mucous 
surfactants (produced by immune cells and make slippery surface in the lungs)
antimicrobial peptides/proteins (lytic for many microbes)
immune cells
Ingestion:
Stomach acid
Digestive enzymes
Bile salts
Peristalsis
Antimicrobial peptides/proteins
Mucous

Question 4

what are major components of adaptive immune system?

Answer 4

B cells and T cells

Question 5

what are major components of innate immune system?

Answer 5

phagocytosis
macrophages
neutrophils

Question 6

endotoxins

Answer 6

intrinsic cell envelope components
stimulates release of cytokines which can lead to septic shock
gram - lipid A is an endotoxin
gram + peptidoglycan, techoic acids

Question 7

exotoxin

Answer 7

proteins in gram + or gram -

1. A/B types of toxins
2. membrane disrupting toxins
3. Superantigens