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Microbes > bacterial diseases of CNS > Flashcards

bacterial diseases of CNS Flashcards

1
Q

Meningitis can either be ?

A

viral or bacterial

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2
Q

meningitis signs and symptoms?

A

high fever
headache
nuchal rigidity

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3
Q

what can meningitis lead to if not treated?

A

coma and death

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4
Q

what are the symptoms in infants for meningitis?

A 
difficult to detect. 
vomiting
irritability
inactivity
poor apetite
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5
Q

how to diagnose meningitis with lab culture of CSF and blood?

A

gram stain of CSF= gram - and diplococcus
CSF and blood: chocolate agar, 5% CO2
meningitis produces small colonies that are oxidase positive
meningitis can ferment glucose and maltose

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6
Q

CSF analysis of bacterial meningitis?

A

bacterial meningitis has elevated PMNs and proteins

bacterial meningitis has reduced glucose and elevated lactate

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7
Q

CSF analysis of viral meningitis?

A

viral meningitis has elevated lymphocytes

viral meningitis has normal glucose and lactate

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8
Q

bacteria that cause bacterial meningitis?

A 
Streptococcus group B
E. coli
Listeria monocytogenes
H influenza
*strep pneumoniae
*Neisseria meningitidis
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9
Q

what are the common properties of adult and children bacterial meningitis? (N. meningitidis, H. influenza, and S. pneumoniae)

A

common properties of adult bacterial meningitis are
capsule
serum resistance

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10
Q

N. meningitidis properties

A

gram neg
diplococcus
nasopharynx flora
encapsulated

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11
Q

virulence factors of N. meningitidis?

A

capsule
IgA protease- adhesion
pili
LOS - lipooligosaccharide whichis endotoxic

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12
Q

what does N. meningitidis do to the body?

A

petechial rash and purpura
waterhouse-friderichsen syndrome -(necrosis of adrenals)
sequale: is hearing loss and mental retardation

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13
Q

epidemiology of N. meningitidis?

A

transmitted through respiratory secretions
sporadic cases
in closed spaces like military and dorms

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14
Q

treatment and prevention of N. meningitidis

A

treated with antibiotics

prevented by quadravalent vaccine and vaccine for group B (2 vaccines)

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15
Q

Haemophilus influenza properties?

A

gram negative
cocco-bacillus
nasopharynx flora
6 capsule types

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16
Q

what does Haemophilus do to the body?

A

septicemia, meningitis, conjuctivitis, epiglottitis
pnuemonia and otitis media
sequelae: same as N. meningitidis which is hearing loss and mental retardation

17
Q

diagnosis of H. influenza?

A

gram stain CSF for large, flat , colorless/grey colonies
X (hemin) and V (NAD, NADP
latex agglutination
chocolate agar, 5% CO2

18
Q

H. influenza epidemiology?

A

transmitted through respiratory secretions

sporadic in children

19
Q

how to treat and prevent H. influenza?

A

treated with antibiotic

prevented through chemoprophylaxis and conjugate vasccine

20
Q

features of streptococcus pneumoniae?

A 
gram +
lancet shaped diplococci
alpha hemolytic
nasopharynx flora
antigenic structure = 85 capsule types
21
Q

what does strep. pneumoniae do to the body?

A

lobar pneumonia
otitis media
meningitis
sequeal is similar to N. meningtidis (hearing loss and mental retardation)

22
Q

how to diagnose Strep. pneumoniae?

A 
CSF and blood culture
small greyish alpha hemolytic colonies
bile soluble
optochin sensitive
oxacillin disc screen (penicillin resistance)
23
Q

epidemiology of strep. pneumoniae?

A

transmited through respiratory secretions
winter and spring
associated with head trauma
greater cause of meningitis
at risk: asplenic, sickle cell anemia, defects in humoralo innunity, alcoholism

24
Q

how to treat and prevent strep. pneumoniae?

A

treatment is penicillin
prophylaxix
polyvalent vaccine
conjugate vaccine

25
Q

neonatal meningitis is

A 
streptococcus alagactiae (GBS)
normal flora is GU and lower GI
26
Q

maternal to infant transmission?

A

GBS mother gives 50% colonized newborn and 50% non-colonized newborn
colonized newborn is 98% asymptomatic and 2% early onset sepsis, pneumonia, and meningitis

27
Q

neonatal meningitis (steptococcus agalactiae) diagnosis?

A

Group B agglutination

28
Q

neonatal minigitis (streptococucus agalactiae) treatment

A

penicillin

prophylaxis - penicillin

29
Q

what are the two types of neonatal meningitis ?

A

streptococcus agalactiae and listeria monocytogenes

30
Q

Neonatal miningitis (listeria monocytogenes) features?

A

gram + bacillus
grows at 4 C
tumbling motility at 21 C

31
Q

treatment of neonatal meningitis (listeria monocytogenes)?

A

penicillin

32
Q

what is the treatment for both neonatal meningitis (streptococcus agalactia and listeria monocytogenes)?

A

penicillin

33
Q

meningitis from shunt infections

A 
coagulase negative - Staphylococcus
staphylococcus aureus
gram negative rods
enterococcus
candida
corynebacteria

Microbes (12 decks)

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