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MycoViro > Pathogenesis of Viral Diseases > Flashcards

Pathogenesis of Viral Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Expression of the viral replicative cycle (partial or complete) in a host cell

A

Viral infection

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2
Q

May range from no apparent effect to cytopathology with accompanying cell death to hyperplasia or cancer

A

Cellular response

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3
Q

9 Effects of Virus Infection on the Host Cell

A
  • Cytopathic effects
  • Inhibition of host macromolecular biosynthesis
  • Changes in regulation of gene
  • Appearance of new antigenic determinants on the cell surface
  • Cell fusion
  • Concept of Permissiveness
  • Latency
  • Inapparent Infections
  • Modification of Cellular Permissiveness
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4
Q

Most easily detected effects of infection with lytic viruses

A
  • Plaque formation
  • Inclusion bodies
  • Cell degeneration
  • Viral proteins has the ability to fuse membranes
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5
Q

3 Macromolecular biosynthesis that is inhibited:

A
  • host protein synthesis
  • host DNA replication
  • host RNA synthesis
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6
Q

Example of host genome expression

A

Inducing synthesis of a new protein, interferon

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7
Q

Cellular genes that may be expressed in uninfected cells

A
  • Large T-antigen of papovaviruses

- Adenovirus EIA protein

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8
Q

Modifications of the outer cell membrane

A
  • Cellular morphology changes
  • Cells become more agglutinate
  • Cell membrane permeability increases
  • Antigenic determinants appear on the cell surface
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9
Q

Masses of cytoplasm bounded by one membrane containing hundreds or thousands of nuclei

A

Giant syncithia

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10
Q

Cell fusion is caused by?

A
  1. Glcoproteins in viral envelopes ( glyco P;glyco B and glyco D) in herpes virus envelopes
  2. F spike glyco P of pamyxovirus
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11
Q

2 concepts of permissiveness

A

site of predilection

certain viruses can grow only in a few types of cells

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12
Q

2 examples of cells affected by abortive infection

A

Hela cells

Dog kidney cells

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13
Q

Name the infection. Viruses cannot multiply because some essential step of the multiplication cycle cannot proceed

A

Abortive infective

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14
Q

Name the infection. Stable relationship between cell growth and virus multiplication

A

Persistent infections

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15
Q

An effect of virus infection. Persistently infected cells in which no infectious virus formed because the multiplication cycle is completely rested at some stage

A

Latency

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16
Q

In the latency effect of virus infection what may resume after a period of several weeks to many years, and infectious virus may then be formed and released

A

Multiplication cycle

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17
Q

Examples of viruses of latency effect

A

Herpesviruses: HSV 1 & 2, Varicella Zoster, EBV, CMV

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18
Q

Multiplication and gene expression occur at so low level that their presence can only be detected by a very special measure

A

Inapparent infections

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19
Q

Example of virus in inapparent infections

A

papovirus BKV, papovirus JCV

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20
Q

Infects most individuals by adolescence and sets up minute and inapparent foci of infection in kidneys and in cells lining the urinary tract

A

Papovavirus BKV

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21
Q

What inaparent infection is caused by measles

A

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)

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22
Q

What inapparent infection is caused by papovavirus JCV

A

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML)

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23
Q

HSV grow on neuroblastoma cells >1000x if the cells are treated by what?

A

sodium butyrate

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24
Q

What virus multiply only in the cells infected with adenovirus?

A

Adenoaasociated virus (AAV)

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25
Q

What enables adenovirus to grow in monkey cells?

A

SV40

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26
Q

Examples of poxvirus that enable VSV to multiply in rabbit cells

A
  • vaccinia

- fibromavirus

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27
Q

What is the host response when there is lysis of cell?

A

death of organism

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28
Q

What is the cell response when there is exposure without infection

A

Exposure without attachment and/or cell entry

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29
Q

Abnormality that results from viral infection of the host organism

A

Viral disease

30
Q

With overt signs and symptoms

A

Clinical disease

31
Q

Fail to produce any symptoms in the host

A

Subclinical infection

32
Q

True or false. Many viral infections are clinical.

A

False

33
Q

True or false. The disease bears a relationship to viral mophology.

A

False

34
Q

Interaction of viral host factors that leads to disease production

A

Viral pathogenesis

35
Q

If it can infect and cause signs of disease in the host

A

Pathogenic

36
Q

Fifth step in viral pathogenesis

A

Host immune response

37
Q

First step in viral pathogenesis

A

Viral entry into the host

38
Q

Last step step in viral pathogenesis

A

Viral shedding

39
Q

Second step in viral pathogenesis

A

Primary viral replication

40
Q

Third step in viral pathogenesis

A

Viral spread

41
Q

Sixth step in viral pathogenesis

A

Viral clearance/establishment of persistent infection

42
Q

Fourth step in viral pathogenesis

A

Cellular injury

43
Q

Viruses that cause local symptoms at the respiratory tract

A

Adenovirus, Corona virus, HSV, Parainfluenza, EBV, Influenza virus, Rhinovirus

44
Q

2 most viruses that produce symptoms at the respiratory tract:

A

Adenovirus

Corona virus

45
Q

Viruses producing generalized infection + specific organ disease

A

B19 (Parvovirus), Varicella virus, Smallpox virus, some Enterovirus, Rubella virus, Mumps virus, Measles virus

46
Q

Viruses found in the mouth, intestinal tract

A

Adenovirus, EBV, Herpes simplex virus, Rotavirus

47
Q

Viruses that enter in the mouth, intestinal tract and produce generalized infection + specific organ disease

A

Cytomegalovirus, Enteroviruses (some) [poliovirus, hepatitis A]

48
Q

Name the viruses. Route of entry is in the skin and mild trauma.

A

Papillomavirus (most), Herpes simplex virus, Molluscum contagiosum virus, Orf virus

49
Q

Name the virus. Route of entry is in the skin and through injection producing generalized infection + specific organ disease

A

Hepatitis B, Epstein-Barr virus, Cytomegalovirus, Human immunodeficiency virus

50
Q

Name the viruses. Route of entry is the skin and through bites producing generalized infection + specific organ disease

A

Togavirus (many), Flavivirus, Rabies virus

51
Q

Togavirus in skin and bites causes what disease?

A

Eastern equine encephalitis

52
Q

Flavivirus in skin and bites causes what disease?

A

Yellow fever

53
Q

True or false. Viruses produce disease at sites distant from their point of entry.

A

True

54
Q

Example of virus that produce disease at sites distant from its point of entry.

A

Enterovirus

55
Q

Presence of virus in the blood

A

Viremia

56
Q

Virus spread via the ____________?

A

bloodstream

57
Q

Cell type associated: Lymphocytes. Give the DNA viruses.

A

EBV, CMV, Hepatitis B, JC virus, BK virus

58
Q

Cell type associated: Lymphocytes. Give the RNA viruses.

A

Mumps, measles, rubella, HIV

59
Q

Cell type associated: Monocytes-macrophages. Give the DNA virus.

A

cytomegalovirus

60
Q

Cell type associated: Monocytes-macrophages. Give the RNA viruses.

A

Poliovirus, HIV, measles

61
Q

Cell type associated: Neutrophils. Give the DNA virus.

A

Influenza virus

62
Q

Cell type associated: Red blood cells: Give the DNA viruses.

A

Parvovirus B19

63
Q

Cell type associated:Red blood cells. Give the RNA virus.

A

Colorado tick fever virus

64
Q

Cell type associated: None(free in plsma). Give the RNA viruses.

A

Togavirus, Picornavirus

65
Q

True or false. All physiologic effects may result from nonlethal impairment of specialized functions of cells.

A

False. (Only some physiologic effects…)

66
Q

Example of physiologic effects that may result from nonlethal impairment of specialized functions of cells

A

Loss of hormone production

67
Q

Recovery from infection is through?

A
  • Humoral and cell-mediated immunity

- Interferon and other cytokines

68
Q

Reason for virus shedding

A

To maintain a viral infection in populations if hosts

69
Q

True or false. Virus shedding usually occurs from the body surfaces involved in the viral entry.

A

True

70
Q

Virus may be replicating but not producing any symptoms

A

Subclinical disease

71
Q

Lasts for at least one week to two weeks

A

Acute infection

MycoViro (9 decks)

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