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Pathogenesis of Viral Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Expression of the viral replicative cycle (partial or complete) in a host cell

A

Viral infection

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2
Q

May range from no apparent effect to cytopathology with accompanying cell death to hyperplasia or cancer

A

Cellular response

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3
Q

9 Effects of Virus Infection on the Host Cell

A
  • Cytopathic effects
  • Inhibition of host macromolecular biosynthesis
  • Changes in regulation of gene
  • Appearance of new antigenic determinants on the cell surface
  • Cell fusion
  • Concept of Permissiveness
  • Latency
  • Inapparent Infections
  • Modification of Cellular Permissiveness
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4
Q

Most easily detected effects of infection with lytic viruses

A
  • Plaque formation
  • Inclusion bodies
  • Cell degeneration
  • Viral proteins has the ability to fuse membranes
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5
Q

3 Macromolecular biosynthesis that is inhibited:

A
  • host protein synthesis
  • host DNA replication
  • host RNA synthesis
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6
Q

Example of host genome expression

A

Inducing synthesis of a new protein, interferon

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7
Q

Cellular genes that may be expressed in uninfected cells

A
  • Large T-antigen of papovaviruses

- Adenovirus EIA protein

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8
Q

Modifications of the outer cell membrane

A
  • Cellular morphology changes
  • Cells become more agglutinate
  • Cell membrane permeability increases
  • Antigenic determinants appear on the cell surface
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9
Q

Masses of cytoplasm bounded by one membrane containing hundreds or thousands of nuclei

A

Giant syncithia

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10
Q

Cell fusion is caused by?

A
  1. Glcoproteins in viral envelopes ( glyco P;glyco B and glyco D) in herpes virus envelopes
  2. F spike glyco P of pamyxovirus
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11
Q

2 concepts of permissiveness

A

site of predilection

certain viruses can grow only in a few types of cells

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12
Q

2 examples of cells affected by abortive infection

A

Hela cells

Dog kidney cells

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13
Q

Name the infection. Viruses cannot multiply because some essential step of the multiplication cycle cannot proceed

A

Abortive infective

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14
Q

Name the infection. Stable relationship between cell growth and virus multiplication

A

Persistent infections

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15
Q

An effect of virus infection. Persistently infected cells in which no infectious virus formed because the multiplication cycle is completely rested at some stage

A

Latency

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16
Q

In the latency effect of virus infection what may resume after a period of several weeks to many years, and infectious virus may then be formed and released

A

Multiplication cycle

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17
Q

Examples of viruses of latency effect

A

Herpesviruses: HSV 1 & 2, Varicella Zoster, EBV, CMV

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18
Q

Multiplication and gene expression occur at so low level that their presence can only be detected by a very special measure

A

Inapparent infections

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19
Q

Example of virus in inapparent infections

A

papovirus BKV, papovirus JCV

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20
Q

Infects most individuals by adolescence and sets up minute and inapparent foci of infection in kidneys and in cells lining the urinary tract

A

Papovavirus BKV

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21
Q

What inaparent infection is caused by measles

A

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)

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22
Q

What inapparent infection is caused by papovavirus JCV

A

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML)

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23
Q

HSV grow on neuroblastoma cells >1000x if the cells are treated by what?

A

sodium butyrate

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24
Q

What virus multiply only in the cells infected with adenovirus?

A

Adenoaasociated virus (AAV)

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25
What enables adenovirus to grow in monkey cells?
SV40
26
Examples of poxvirus that enable VSV to multiply in rabbit cells
- vaccinia | - fibromavirus
27
What is the host response when there is lysis of cell?
death of organism
28
What is the cell response when there is exposure without infection
Exposure without attachment and/or cell entry
29
Abnormality that results from viral infection of the host organism
Viral disease
30
With overt signs and symptoms
Clinical disease
31
Fail to produce any symptoms in the host
Subclinical infection
32
True or false. Many viral infections are clinical.
False
33
True or false. The disease bears a relationship to viral mophology.
False
34
Interaction of viral host factors that leads to disease production
Viral pathogenesis
35
If it can infect and cause signs of disease in the host
Pathogenic
36
Fifth step in viral pathogenesis
Host immune response
37
First step in viral pathogenesis
Viral entry into the host
38
Last step step in viral pathogenesis
Viral shedding
39
Second step in viral pathogenesis
Primary viral replication
40
Third step in viral pathogenesis
Viral spread
41
Sixth step in viral pathogenesis
Viral clearance/establishment of persistent infection
42
Fourth step in viral pathogenesis
Cellular injury
43
Viruses that cause local symptoms at the respiratory tract
Adenovirus, Corona virus, HSV, Parainfluenza, EBV, Influenza virus, Rhinovirus
44
2 most viruses that produce symptoms at the respiratory tract:
Adenovirus | Corona virus
45
Viruses producing generalized infection + specific organ disease
B19 (Parvovirus), Varicella virus, Smallpox virus, some Enterovirus, Rubella virus, Mumps virus, Measles virus
46
Viruses found in the mouth, intestinal tract
Adenovirus, EBV, Herpes simplex virus, Rotavirus
47
Viruses that enter in the mouth, intestinal tract and produce generalized infection + specific organ disease
Cytomegalovirus, Enteroviruses (some) [poliovirus, hepatitis A]
48
Name the viruses. Route of entry is in the skin and mild trauma.
Papillomavirus (most), Herpes simplex virus, Molluscum contagiosum virus, Orf virus
49
Name the virus. Route of entry is in the skin and through injection producing generalized infection + specific organ disease
Hepatitis B, Epstein-Barr virus, Cytomegalovirus, Human immunodeficiency virus
50
Name the viruses. Route of entry is the skin and through bites producing generalized infection + specific organ disease
Togavirus (many), Flavivirus, Rabies virus
51
Togavirus in skin and bites causes what disease?
Eastern equine encephalitis
52
Flavivirus in skin and bites causes what disease?
Yellow fever
53
True or false. Viruses produce disease at sites distant from their point of entry.
True
54
Example of virus that produce disease at sites distant from its point of entry.
Enterovirus
55
Presence of virus in the blood
Viremia
56
Virus spread via the ____________?
bloodstream
57
Cell type associated: Lymphocytes. Give the DNA viruses.
EBV, CMV, Hepatitis B, JC virus, BK virus
58
Cell type associated: Lymphocytes. Give the RNA viruses.
Mumps, measles, rubella, HIV
59
Cell type associated: Monocytes-macrophages. Give the DNA virus.
cytomegalovirus
60
Cell type associated: Monocytes-macrophages. Give the RNA viruses.
Poliovirus, HIV, measles
61
Cell type associated: Neutrophils. Give the DNA virus.
Influenza virus
62
Cell type associated: Red blood cells: Give the DNA viruses.
Parvovirus B19
63
Cell type associated:Red blood cells. Give the RNA virus.
Colorado tick fever virus
64
Cell type associated: None(free in plsma). Give the RNA viruses.
Togavirus, Picornavirus
65
True or false. All physiologic effects may result from nonlethal impairment of specialized functions of cells.
False. (Only *some* physiologic effects...)
66
Example of physiologic effects that may result from nonlethal impairment of specialized functions of cells
Loss of hormone production
67
Recovery from infection is through?
- Humoral and cell-mediated immunity | - Interferon and other cytokines
68
Reason for virus shedding
To maintain a viral infection in populations if hosts
69
True or false. Virus shedding usually occurs from the body surfaces involved in the viral entry.
True
70
Virus may be replicating but not producing any symptoms
Subclinical disease
71
Lasts for at least one week to two weeks
Acute infection

MycoViro (9 decks)

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