Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbiology > pathogenesis > Flashcards

pathogenesis Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

pathogenesis

A

1) the mechanism by which microorganisms cause disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

where does crystal violet bind

A

1) peptidoglycan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

why stain bacteria

A

1 )to see them
2) distinguish + from -

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

which type have a pentaglycine bridge in their peptidoglycan

A

1) +

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

if transpeptidases bind penicillin what does this imply

A

1) enzyme that links the peptides in peptidoglycan will be inactivated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

where do peptides bind on the glycans

A

1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

murein

A

1) is another name for peptidoglycan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

which bacteria have teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid

A

1) gram +

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what kind of phospholipids are found in the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria

A

1) dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine in our lungs
2) Phosphatidylethanol?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

why type of secretion systems inject exotoxins into other cells

A

1) type III and IV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what diseases do p gingivalis and aeruginosa cause

A

1) periodontitis
2) cystic fibrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

why is there a lag phase in bacterial growth

A

1) allow bacteria to adapt to environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

stationary phase

A

1) reproducing at same rate as death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

endospores

A

1) can survive in tough environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

which pathogenic bacteria form endospores

A

1) clostridium species
- tetani, etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how was semi conservative replication discovered

A

1) labeled and unlabeled DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

transcriptional regulation in bacteria

A

1) discovered by French people - Jacques Moneau?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

endemic

A

1) constantly present at a low levell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

epidemic

A

1) infection occurs much more frequently than usual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

pandemic

A

1) worldwide distribution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

cause disease by 2 mechanisms

A

1) invasion and inflammation
2) toxin production
- exotoxin
- endotoxin - LPS of cell wall in gram - bacteria cause fever and shock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

symptoms of shock

A

1) low BP
2) high or low temp
3) cool, pale arms
4) rapid heart rate
5) shortness of breath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

septic shock

A

1) broad spectrum anitboitic
2) then narrow spectrum
3) vasopressors
4) corticosteroids and insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

aspects of infection control

A

1) symptomatic
2) subclinical
- unapparent
3) latent
- stable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

chronic carrier

A

1) organisms continue to grow in the host with or without symptoms
2) salmonella typhi (survive and multiple in gall bladder)
- thyphoid mary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

lytic infection

A

cells lyse and release virions

27
Q

persistent infections

A

few virions

28
Q

latent infections

A

genome remains in the host cell

29
Q

transforming infection

A

infected cell becomes cancerous
- ex. HPV, and epstein barr virus

30
Q

viral cytopathology

A

1) inhibit cellular protein or DNA
2) altering structure of cell membrane
3) syncytium formation (cell cell fusion)
4) most recent development regarding RSV
- inclusion (proteins the cell is producing for virus)

31
Q

virulence factors

A

1) invade
2) adhere or colonize
3) avoid or subvert defenses
4) multiply

32
Q

opportunistic

A

1) certain bacteria like mycobacterium avium or fungi (c. albicans) cause disease only in immunocompromised individuals
2) HIV AIDS
3) malignancies
4) immunosuppressive therapy

32
Q

transmission

A

1) most infections are exogenous
- m. tuberculosis
2) others are endogenous
- e. coli

33
Q

transmission

A

1) respiratory tract
- influenza
- measles
- tb
2) gastrointestinal
- vibrio cholerae
- norovirus
- giardia
3) skin
4) congenital-transplacental
- rubella
5) zoonoses
- rabies, avian influenza
6) skin, blood, genitals

34
Q

attachment to host surfaces

A

1) specialized structures or produce substances that facilitate attachment to the surface of cells or prostheses
- ex dentures, heart valves, catheters
2) viruses bind specific receptors of host cells
- ex HIV binds CD4 molecule on T helper
- coronavirus binds ACE2 on lung epithelial cells

35
Q

pili

A

1) fimbriae
- e. coli attachment to surface of urinary tract
2) teichoic acids in the outer layer of gram + attach to mucosal cells

36
Q

biofilms

A

1) major source of agents that cause tooth decay
2) produce matrix proteins that prevent antibiotic attak
3) biofilm grows and organisms attack other sites
4) polysaccharide matrix that is self produced
5) biofilm asossiated organsims differ from planktonic

37
Q

biofilms can form on

A

2) living tissue
2) indwelling medical devices
4) water lines

38
Q

collagenase and hyaluronase

A

1) degrade collagen and hyaluronic acid

39
Q

coagulase

A

1) fibrin clot to prevent immune system from reaching it

40
Q

leukocidins

A

1) destroy neutrophils macrophages
- AA

41
Q

streptolysin

A

1) streptococcus pyogenes

42
Q

Panton valentine leukocidin

A

s. aures
1) cause destruction of host cell by lysosome leakage

43
Q

leukotoxin of AA

A

1) apoptosis in lymphocytes
2) caspase 1 in macrophages => IL-1

44
Q

pyogenic

A

1) pus producing
2) neutrophils predominate
2) common bacteria
- staph aureus
- strep pyogenes
- strep pneumoniae

45
Q

pustular impetigo

A

1) pus producing inflammation caused by staph aureus

46
Q

granulomatous

A

1) macrophages and t cells
2) mycobacterium tuberculosis
- cell-mediate immune responses causes granuloma and tubercle formation
- lysing of tubercles cause reactivation

47
Q

interferon alpha and cytokines

A

1) flu like symptoms (fever, headache, malaise)

48
Q

cell mediated immunity

A

1) measles and mumps

49
Q

immune complex formation

A

1) hep B interacts with antibodys
- forms antigen antiviral antibody complex
- activates complement and tissue damage

50
Q

hemorrhagic disease

A

1) yellow fever and dengue
2) excessive immune activation on 2nd exposure

51
Q

lipopolysaccharides

A

1) released when bacteria dies
2) lipid A portion has endotoxic activity
3) can activate macrophages
- secrete TNF and cause fever
4) lipopolysaccharides and platelets
- disseminated coagulation

52
Q

exotoxins

A

1) polypeptides (proteins) genes are located on plasmids or lysogenic bacterial viruses (phages)
2) two subunits
- A (active has inhibitory activity
- B (binds to specific surface receptor)

53
Q

exotoxins are among the most toxic substances known

A

1) neutralize with acid, heat, or formaldehyde
( toxoids)
2) exotoxins are strong immunogens and induce synthesis of protective antibodies (antitoxins)

54
Q

neurotoxin

A

1) tetanus toxin

55
Q

shiga 1 and shiga 2

A

1) toxins from shigella dystenteriaee

56
Q

enteric syndromes

A

1) cholera toxin
2) vibrio cholerae

57
Q

superantigens

A

1) toxic shock syndrome of staph aureus
2) staphylococcal enterotoxins
3) activate large numbers of T cells to release interleukins
- cytokine storm
4) IL-1, IL-2, and TNF cause life threatening immune response

58
Q

mechanism for escaping host defense

A

1) TB can secrete things that prevent release of lysosomes
2) stays in there and multiples

59
Q

capsule

A

1) most important

60
Q

biofilms

A

1) prevent binding of antibody and complement to bacteria

61
Q

antigenic variation

A

1) expressing different proteins so immune system is confused

62
Q

inactivation of antibody or complement

A

1) s. pyogenes degrades C5a
2) IgA protease degrades IgA on mucosal surfaces

63
Q

iron transport in bacteria

A

1) siderophores
- need iron for ribonucleotide reductase and bacterial cell replication
- complex iron for uptake

Microbiology (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions