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Microbiology > Pathogen Basics > Flashcards

Pathogen Basics Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Streptococcus pyogene

A

Disease: Strep Throat (Streptococcal pharyngitis)
transmission: Airborne. Direct and Indirect contact
Reservoir: Human Upper Respiratory Tract
Bacteria/Virus: Bacteria (G+) Cocci

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2
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae

A

Disease: Pneumonia
transmission: Airborne
Reservoir: Respiratory tract, sinuses, & nasal cavities of healthy carriers
Bacteria/Virus: Bacteria (G+) diplococci

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3
Q

Bordetella pertussis

A 
Disease: Whooping Cough
transmission:
- Airborne. 
- Respiratory aerosols
- prolonged close contact. 
- Attaches to ciliated respiratory epithelial cells

Reservoir: Human Respiratory Tract
Bacteria/Virus: Bacteria (G-), coccobacillus

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4
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

Disease: Tuberculosis
transmission: airborne
Reservoir: Human respiratory tract
Bacteria/Virus: Bacteria. Cell wall is lipid rich and resistant to Gram staining.

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5
Q

Neisseria meningitidis

A

Disease: Meningitis

transmission:
- Sharing saliva or spit
- close or lengthy contact (kissing or coughing)
- Incubation period 2-4 days

Reservoir: Respiratory tract. Back of nose and throat
Bacteria/Virus: Bacteria (G-)
- obligate aerobic
- diplococci

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6
Q

Measles Virus

A

Disease: Measles

Transmission: Airborne, coughing and sneezing
- can live up to 2 hours outside of the body

Reservoir: Human

Virus

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7
Q

Rubella Virus

A

Disease: Rubella

Transmission: Airborne. Sneezing, Coughing

Reservoir: Humans

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8
Q

Mumps Virus

A

Disease: Mumps

Transmission: Airborne

  • coughing, sneezing, or talking,
  • sharing items
  • touching objects or surfaces with unwashed hands that are then touched by others.

Reservoir: Humans
paramyxovirus

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9
Q

Varicella zoster virus

A

Disease: Chicken Pox
Transmission: Airborne. Aerosols. Direct touch. Blisters, Saliva, mucus.
Reservoir: Human
Bacteria/Virus: Virus

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10
Q

Rhinovirus

A

Disease: Common Cold
over 100 Rhinoviruses have been identified

Transmission:

  • Respiratory aerosol droplets
  • Direct or indirect contact (people and fomites)
  • Incidence rises in winter months when people are indoors

Reservoir: Human

Bacteria/Virus: Virus

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11
Q

Influenza Virus

A

Disease: Influenza

Transmission:

  • Person-to-person through the air
  • Primarily respiratory droplets from coughing & sneezing
  • Infects the mucus membranes of the upper respiratory tract & occasionally infects the lungs

Reservoir: Human

Bacteria/Virus: Virus

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12
Q

Staphylococcus aureus

A

Disease: Staph infection

Transmission:

  • Direct and indirect person-to-person contact
  • Commonly infects skin & wounds

Reservoir:

  • Normal flora of upper respiratory tract & skin
  • Can survive on dry surfaces for long periods

Bacteria/Virus: G+, cocci

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13
Q

Neisseria gonorrhea

A

Disease: Gonorrhea

Transmission:

  • Sexual (vaginal, anal, & oral)
  • Vertical (mother to child)

Reservoir: Genitourinary tract of humans

Bacteria/Virus: Gram-negative diplococci

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14
Q

Treponema pallidum

A

Disease: Syphilis

Transmission:

  • Sexual contact (requires broken skin)
  • Congenital (mother to fetus)

Reservoir: genital tract of humans

Bacteria/Virus: Gram-negative; spirochete
Lacks LPS

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15
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis

A

Disease: Chlamydia
Transmission: sexual contact
Reservoir: human
Bacteria/Virus: Bacteria (G-)

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16
Q

Hepatitis A

A

Disease: HAV

Transmission:

  • Fecal – oral route
  • Eating contaminated food
  • close contact with an infected person

Reservoir: human gastrointestinal tract
Bacteria/Virus: Non-enveloped, single stranded RNA

17
Q

Hepatitis B

A 
Disease: HBV
Transmission:
- mother to child during childbirth
- Unprotected sex
- sharing of needles

Reservoir: Human Blood and Bodily Secretions

Bacteria/Virus: Enveloped, circular double stranded DNA

18
Q

Hepatitis C

A 
Disease: HCV
Transmission:
- Intravenous drug use
- inadequate sterilization of medical equipment
- the transfusion of unscreened blood

Reservoir: Human Blood
Bacteria/Virus: Enveloped, single stranded RNA

19
Q

Hepatitis D

A

Disease: HDV
Transmission:
Direct contact with bodily fluids of infected person (unprotected sex, sharing illicit drug needles)

Reservoir: Humans with HBV infections
Bacteria/Virus: Enveloped, single stranded circular RNA

20
Q

Hepatitis E

A

Disease: HEV
Transmission:
Fecal – oral route
Drinking contaminated water

Reservoir: Humans
Bacteria/Virus: Non-enveloped, single stranded RNA

21
Q

Herpes Simplex Virus-1

A

Disease: HSV-1
Transmission:
Contact with HSV-1 virus in sores, saliva, and surfaces around the mouth
Can be transmitted to the genital region through oral-genital contact to cause genital herpes

Reservoir: humans
Bacteria/Virus: Double stranded DNA genome
Encased in a glycoprotein-bearing lipid bilayer envelope

22
Q

Herpes Simplex Virus-2

A

Disease: HSV-2
Transmission:
Skin-to-skin contact and sexual contact

Reservoir: humans
Bacteria/Virus: Double stranded DNA genome
Encased in a glycoprotein-bearing lipid bilayer envelope

23
Q

Human papillomavirus

A

Disease: HPV

Transmission:
sexual contact
dry epithelial tissue layers (chapped lips or hands contacting infected tissue)
can pass to child during birth

Reservoir: humans
Bacteria/Virus: genome is made up of circular, double chained DNA. non-enveloped

24
Q

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV

A

Disease:

  • acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
  • Death is a result of secondary infection caused by opportunistic pathogen

Transmission: Sexual, blood borne, IV drug use

Reservoir: Humans: macrophages & T cells

Bacteria/Virus: Virus

25
Q

Rabies Virus

A

Disease: Rabies
Transmission: In saliva and transmitted via broken skin
Reservoir: All mammals, however bats, raccoons, coyotes, skunks carry it throughout US
Bacteria/Virus: Helical RNP Core and envelope
Lyssavirus

26
Q

Zika Virus

A

Disease: Zika

Transmission:
mosquito bites
mother to child
sexual contact
blood transfusion

Reservoir: mosquitos
Bacteria/Virus:

27
Q

West Nile Virus

A

Disease: West Nile
Transmission: vector-borne, mosquito
Reservoir: birds
Bacteria/Virus: RNA genome, single stranded, enveloped

28
Q

Rickettsia rickettsia

A

Disease: Rocky Mountain Fever
Transmission: vector borne, ticks
Reservoir: small mammals
Bacteria/Virus: Bacteria, G- coccobacillus

29
Q

Borrelia burgdorferi

A

Disease: Lyme
Transmission: vector borne, ticks
Reservoir: small mammals and birds
Bacteria/Virus: G- spirochete

30
Q

Yersinia pestis

A

Disease: Plague
Transmission: vectorborne, rat flea
Reservoir: infected rodent
Bacteria/Virus: G- bacillus

31
Q

Clostridium tetani

A

Disease: Tetanus
Transmission: Soil borne - soil contaminated wound, deep puncture
Reservoir: soil
Bacteria/Virus: G+ bacillus

32
Q

Bacillus anthracis

A

Disease: Anthrax

Transmission: bacteria or spores become imbedded on animal hair, hides, or other animal material and are ingested, inhaled, or enter break in skin

Reservoir: Soil (vegetative or endospore)

Bacteria/Virus: G+ bacilli

Microbiology (7 decks)

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