Pathogen Basics Flashcards
Streptococcus pyogene
Disease: Strep Throat (Streptococcal pharyngitis)
transmission: Airborne. Direct and Indirect contact
Reservoir: Human Upper Respiratory Tract
Bacteria/Virus: Bacteria (G+) Cocci
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Disease: Pneumonia
transmission: Airborne
Reservoir: Respiratory tract, sinuses, & nasal cavities of healthy carriers
Bacteria/Virus: Bacteria (G+) diplococci
Bordetella pertussis
Disease: Whooping Cough transmission: - Airborne. - Respiratory aerosols - prolonged close contact. - Attaches to ciliated respiratory epithelial cells
Reservoir: Human Respiratory Tract
Bacteria/Virus: Bacteria (G-), coccobacillus
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Disease: Tuberculosis
transmission: airborne
Reservoir: Human respiratory tract
Bacteria/Virus: Bacteria. Cell wall is lipid rich and resistant to Gram staining.
Neisseria meningitidis
Disease: Meningitis
transmission:
- Sharing saliva or spit
- close or lengthy contact (kissing or coughing)
- Incubation period 2-4 days
Reservoir: Respiratory tract. Back of nose and throat
Bacteria/Virus: Bacteria (G-)
- obligate aerobic
- diplococci
Measles Virus
Disease: Measles
Transmission: Airborne, coughing and sneezing
- can live up to 2 hours outside of the body
Reservoir: Human
Virus
Rubella Virus
Disease: Rubella
Transmission: Airborne. Sneezing, Coughing
Reservoir: Humans
Mumps Virus
Disease: Mumps
Transmission: Airborne
- coughing, sneezing, or talking,
- sharing items
- touching objects or surfaces with unwashed hands that are then touched by others.
Reservoir: Humans
paramyxovirus
Varicella zoster virus
Disease: Chicken Pox
Transmission: Airborne. Aerosols. Direct touch. Blisters, Saliva, mucus.
Reservoir: Human
Bacteria/Virus: Virus
Rhinovirus
Disease: Common Cold
over 100 Rhinoviruses have been identified
Transmission:
- Respiratory aerosol droplets
- Direct or indirect contact (people and fomites)
- Incidence rises in winter months when people are indoors
Reservoir: Human
Bacteria/Virus: Virus
Influenza Virus
Disease: Influenza
Transmission:
- Person-to-person through the air
- Primarily respiratory droplets from coughing & sneezing
- Infects the mucus membranes of the upper respiratory tract & occasionally infects the lungs
Reservoir: Human
Bacteria/Virus: Virus
Staphylococcus aureus
Disease: Staph infection
Transmission:
- Direct and indirect person-to-person contact
- Commonly infects skin & wounds
Reservoir:
- Normal flora of upper respiratory tract & skin
- Can survive on dry surfaces for long periods
Bacteria/Virus: G+, cocci
Neisseria gonorrhea
Disease: Gonorrhea
Transmission:
- Sexual (vaginal, anal, & oral)
- Vertical (mother to child)
Reservoir: Genitourinary tract of humans
Bacteria/Virus: Gram-negative diplococci
Treponema pallidum
Disease: Syphilis
Transmission:
- Sexual contact (requires broken skin)
- Congenital (mother to fetus)
Reservoir: genital tract of humans
Bacteria/Virus: Gram-negative; spirochete
Lacks LPS
Chlamydia trachomatis
Disease: Chlamydia
Transmission: sexual contact
Reservoir: human
Bacteria/Virus: Bacteria (G-)
Hepatitis A
Disease: HAV
Transmission:
- Fecal – oral route
- Eating contaminated food
- close contact with an infected person
Reservoir: human gastrointestinal tract
Bacteria/Virus: Non-enveloped, single stranded RNA
Hepatitis B
Disease: HBV Transmission: - mother to child during childbirth - Unprotected sex - sharing of needles
Reservoir: Human Blood and Bodily Secretions
Bacteria/Virus: Enveloped, circular double stranded DNA
Hepatitis C
Disease: HCV Transmission: - Intravenous drug use - inadequate sterilization of medical equipment - the transfusion of unscreened blood
Reservoir: Human Blood
Bacteria/Virus: Enveloped, single stranded RNA
Hepatitis D
Disease: HDV
Transmission:
Direct contact with bodily fluids of infected person (unprotected sex, sharing illicit drug needles)
Reservoir: Humans with HBV infections
Bacteria/Virus: Enveloped, single stranded circular RNA
Hepatitis E
Disease: HEV
Transmission:
Fecal – oral route
Drinking contaminated water
Reservoir: Humans
Bacteria/Virus: Non-enveloped, single stranded RNA
Herpes Simplex Virus-1
Disease: HSV-1
Transmission:
Contact with HSV-1 virus in sores, saliva, and surfaces around the mouth
Can be transmitted to the genital region through oral-genital contact to cause genital herpes
Reservoir: humans
Bacteria/Virus: Double stranded DNA genome
Encased in a glycoprotein-bearing lipid bilayer envelope
Herpes Simplex Virus-2
Disease: HSV-2
Transmission:
Skin-to-skin contact and sexual contact
Reservoir: humans
Bacteria/Virus: Double stranded DNA genome
Encased in a glycoprotein-bearing lipid bilayer envelope
Human papillomavirus
Disease: HPV
Transmission:
sexual contact
dry epithelial tissue layers (chapped lips or hands contacting infected tissue)
can pass to child during birth
Reservoir: humans
Bacteria/Virus: genome is made up of circular, double chained DNA. non-enveloped
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV
Disease:
- acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
- Death is a result of secondary infection caused by opportunistic pathogen
Transmission: Sexual, blood borne, IV drug use
Reservoir: Humans: macrophages & T cells
Bacteria/Virus: Virus
