Cell Structure Flashcards
peptidoglycan chain
the structure that is the sugars connected by the tetrapeptide
three bacterial cell shapes
coccus spirillum bacillus
bacterial cell wall composition
peptidoglycan
- two polysccharides (NAM and NAG0
- tetrapeptide - peptide chain of 4 amino acids (attached to NAM)
- L-ala
- D-ala
- D-Glu-NH2
- L-lys
peripheral membrane protiens
protiens that are attached to either the inside of the outside of the cytoplasmic membrane
what is the cheical bond that holds together the two sugars in the peptidoglycan
Best-1, 4 glycosidic
NAG
N-acetylglucosamine
energy conservation
distributues energy across the cell
Structure of the peptidoglycan
what composes the cytoplasmic membrane?
phospholipids
peptide bridge
the group of connected tetrapeptides that attached the the N-acetylmuramic acid sugar (NAM)
osmotic lysis
- maintains acquatic balance both inside and outside the cell
bacillus
rod-shaped
ester linkage
what links together the head and tail of a phospholipid
NAM
N-acetylmuramic acid
permeability barrier
controls enterance and exit of nutrients and waste
advantages of bateria cells being small
1) ease of nutrition exchange
2) faster growth
cross link
connects the tetrapeptides
characteristics of cytoplasmic membrane
- surrounds the cytoplasm
- structurally weak
Beta-1, 4 glycosidic bond
chemical bond that links the two sugars in the peptidoglycan
bacterial cell wall function
- protects against osmotic lysis (acquadic balance between inside an doutside of the cell)
- provides structure and strength
- determines classification of cell
- acts as a target for antibiotics
integral member proteins
proteins that span the width of the cytoplasmic membrane
what composes phospholipids
head - hydrophilic, likes water and faces the environment or the outside of the membrane.
Tail - hydrophobic, does not like water, faces insdie of the membrane.
ester linkage - links together the head and the tail
phospholipids are arranged in a bilayer
lysozyme
- defense mechanism against bacteria
- enzyme found secreations of humans and animals
- breaks the Beta-1, 4 glycosidic bond, causing the cell wall of the bacteria to rupture
functions of the cytoplasmic membrane
permeability barrier
protien anchor
energy conservation
