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Microbiology > Cell Structure > Flashcards

Cell Structure Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

peptidoglycan chain

A

the structure that is the sugars connected by the tetrapeptide

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2
Q

three bacterial cell shapes

A

coccus spirillum bacillus

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3
Q

bacterial cell wall composition

A

peptidoglycan

  • two polysccharides (NAM and NAG0
  • tetrapeptide - peptide chain of 4 amino acids (attached to NAM)
  • L-ala
  • D-ala
  • D-Glu-NH2
  • L-lys
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4
Q

peripheral membrane protiens

A

protiens that are attached to either the inside of the outside of the cytoplasmic membrane

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5
Q

what is the cheical bond that holds together the two sugars in the peptidoglycan

A

Best-1, 4 glycosidic

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6
Q

NAG

A

N-acetylglucosamine

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7
Q

energy conservation

A

distributues energy across the cell

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8
Q

Structure of the peptidoglycan

A
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9
Q

what composes the cytoplasmic membrane?

A

phospholipids

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10
Q

peptide bridge

A

the group of connected tetrapeptides that attached the the N-acetylmuramic acid sugar (NAM)

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11
Q

osmotic lysis

A
  • maintains acquatic balance both inside and outside the cell
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12
Q

bacillus

A

rod-shaped

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13
Q

ester linkage

A

what links together the head and tail of a phospholipid

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14
Q

NAM

A

N-acetylmuramic acid

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15
Q

permeability barrier

A

controls enterance and exit of nutrients and waste

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16
Q

advantages of bateria cells being small

A

1) ease of nutrition exchange
2) faster growth

17
Q

cross link

A

connects the tetrapeptides

18
Q

characteristics of cytoplasmic membrane

A
  • surrounds the cytoplasm
  • structurally weak
19
Q

Beta-1, 4 glycosidic bond

A

chemical bond that links the two sugars in the peptidoglycan

20
Q

bacterial cell wall function

A
  • protects against osmotic lysis (acquadic balance between inside an doutside of the cell)
  • provides structure and strength
  • determines classification of cell
  • acts as a target for antibiotics
21
Q

integral member proteins

A

proteins that span the width of the cytoplasmic membrane

22
Q

what composes phospholipids

A

head - hydrophilic, likes water and faces the environment or the outside of the membrane.

Tail - hydrophobic, does not like water, faces insdie of the membrane.

ester linkage - links together the head and the tail

phospholipids are arranged in a bilayer

23
Q

lysozyme

A
  • defense mechanism against bacteria
  • enzyme found secreations of humans and animals
  • breaks the Beta-1, 4 glycosidic bond, causing the cell wall of the bacteria to rupture
24
Q

functions of the cytoplasmic membrane

A

permeability barrier

protien anchor

energy conservation

25
Q
A
26
Q

protien anchor

A

holds transport protiens in place (intrgal or peripheral)

27
Q

Coccus

A

circular shaped

28
Q

spirillum

A

spiral shaped

Microbiology (7 decks)

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