History of Micro

Question 1

How did Pasteur prove that different MO cause different fermentation acts?

Answer 1

The alcohol experiment:

• prepared a sample of yeast cells knowing that this sample had all the nutrients needed for yeast to grow.
• sterilized it by removing all yeast cells
• re-introduced yeast and alcohol was made.
• introduced rod like cells and lactic acid formed
• heating of the culture eliminated bth growth and production of yeast or lactic acid.

Question 2

Koch’s Postulates

Answer 2

a criteria developed proving a causal relationship between a MO and a specific disease

Question 3

Joseph Lister

Answer 3

Through Pasteur’s discoveries, Lister found that surgical infection were caused by MO.

• INDIRECT evidence that MO cause disease.
• developed aseptic surgery technique

Question 4

Germ Theory of Infectious Disease

Answer 4

belief that invisible organisms are responsible for human disease

Question 5

What did Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek call the first bacteria he studied?

Answer 5

wee animalcules

Question 6

Belief that invisible organisms were responsible for human disease

Answer 6

Germ Theory of Infectious Disease

Question 7

Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek

Answer 7

first person to observe bacteria under a microscope

Question 8

Robert Koch

Answer 8

DIRECTLY proved the germ theory

• developed a set of postulates
• developed a criteria proving a causal relationship between a MO and a specific disease known as Koch’s Postulates.

Question 9

How was spontaneous generation disproved?

Answer 9

Louis Pasteur
MO exist in the air and MO are present on materials.
Pasteure’s Flask experiment

Question 10

How did Pasteur prove MO are present on materials and in the air?

Answer 10

by heating a media to become sterile, covered it, and then it never spoiled.

Question 11

Aseptic surgical technique

Answer 11

Developed by Joseph Lister.

sterilize tools, use phenol on dressings and within surgical area.

Question 12

How did Pasteur disprove spontaneous generation?

Answer 12

Flask experiment

Question 13

Other contributions by Robert Koch

Answer 13

Agar - media that allowed bacteria to grown as a pure culture.
Petri Dish - Richard Petri, able to observe bacterial growth into colonies and distinct differences between them
-discovered the cause of TB - Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 14

How did Pasteur prove MO are present in the air?

Answer 14

filtered air through cotton and observed objects caught in cotton. put the cotton on a a sterile growth media which resulted in microbial growth.

Question 15

Ignez Semmelweis

Answer 15

INDIRECTLY proved MO cause disease.
“Childbed fever” was being spread to mothers by doctors not washing their hands.
having doctors wash their hands reduced the immortality rate to under 1%

Question 16

Frist person to observe bacteria under a microscope

Answer 16

Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek

Question 17

Spontaneous Generation

Answer 17

the belief that organisms can arise from non-living matter

Question 18

Scientific contributions from Louis Pasteur

Answer 18

1) Pasteurization via heat treatment
2) Different MO cause different fermentation acts
3) Development of vaccines for rabies, anthrax, fowl cholera.

Question 19

Steps of Koch’s Postulates

Answer 19

1) Suspected pathogen must be present in all of the disease cases and absent in healthy subjects
2) suspected pathogen must be grown in a pure culture
3) cells from pure culture of suspected pathogen must cause disease in a healthy experimentally infected animal
4) suspected pathogen must be re-isolated from experimentally infected animal and shown to be the same as the original.

Question 20

Francesco Redi

Answer 20

First person to challenge spontaneous generation.
Meat and Maggot Experiment
- meat in jar with no cover
- meat in jar with cover
-meat in jar with gauze so air can get through