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Patho-Pharm Year 1 > Patho-Pharm Week 3 - CNS > Flashcards

Patho-Pharm Week 3 - CNS Flashcards

1
Q

What is meningitis?

A

Inflammation + infection of the meninges

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2
Q

What type of meningitis is the most severe?

A

Bacterial

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3
Q

What type of meningitis goes away on its own?

A

Viral

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4
Q

What type of meningitis indicates an underlying immune disease?

A

Parasite or Fungal

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5
Q

What are the two most common bacteria causing meningitis?

A

Meningococcus & Streptococcus

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6
Q

What are the 3 most common symptoms of meningitis?

A

Fever + chills
Petechial rash
Neck stiffness

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7
Q

Basic description of a petechial rash

A

Blood vessels popping out, showing dots on the skin

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8
Q

What is Multiple Sclerosis?

A

Demyelination disease of the white matter plaques

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9
Q

How is MS treated acutely?

A

Steroids

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10
Q

How is MS treated chronically?

A

Interferon

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10
Q

How do interferons work?

A

They work against the immune system

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11
Q

What is Myasthenia Gravis?

A

Autoimmune disease mediated by anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies

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12
Q

What neurotransmitters allows the muscles to fire?

A

Acetylcholine

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13
Q

How do the meds work to treat Myasthenia Gravis?

A

They provide more acetylcholine to overwhelm the receptors

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14
Q

What is one of the first signs of Myasthenia Gravis?

A

Ptosis (eye drooping)

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15
Q

What test is Myasthenia Gravis diagnosed with?

A

Tensilon Test

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16
Q

How does the Tensilon Test work for Myasthenia Gravis?

A

Giving LOTS of acetylcholine, the patient is normal for 30 mins and then they revert back to normal

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17
Q

What do EMGs measure?

A

Muscle response - nerve impulse speed

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18
Q

What type of drugs is Myasthenia Grais treated with?

A

Immunosuppressants and steroids

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19
Q

What is Guillain-Barre Syndrom?

A

Inflammatory disease in the demyelination of peripheral nerves

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20
Q

What type of pathogen typically causes Guillain-Barre Syndrom?

A

Virus

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21
Q

What does Guillain-Barre Syndrom start with?

A

Leg paralysis and then goes through the entire body

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22
Q

What is typically involved with Guillain-Barre Syndrom treatment?

A

Ventilation

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23
Q

What is Alzheimer’s Disease?

A

Progressive Dementia characterized by progressive loss of cognitive mental function

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24
Q

What are the Sage and Moca tests used to diagnose?

A

Alzheimer’s Disease

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25
Q

What score or below on the Moca test will a person’s driver’s license be taken away?

A

18

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26
Q

What two drugs are used most often for Alzeihmer’s?

A

Aricept and Reminyl

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27
Q

What do aricept and reminyl typically do to Alzheimer’s?

A

Inhibit then enzyme that breaks down acetycholine, slows down the progression, not a cure

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28
Q

What is Parkinson’s Disease?

A

Degenerative disease of dopamine pathway in the substantia nigra (dark become white)

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29
Q

What are the four main symptoms of Parkinson’s?

A
  • Resting tremor
  • Rigidity (cogwheel)
  • Bradydyskinesia (moving slowly)
  • Postural instability (trunk of body shrinking)
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30
Q

Describe a resting tremor

A

Tremor occurs when you are at rest and goes away when you are doing something

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31
Q

What are the 3 types of CNS depressants?

A
  • Anti-psychotics
  • Opioid analgesics
  • Sedative-hypnotics
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32
Q

What is the mechanism of action of an opioid?

A

Binds to an opioid receptor in the CNS of the brain

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33
Q

What type of drug are opioids?

A

Agonist

34
Q

What type of response do opioids elicit?

A

Analgesic response (pain relief) (endorphins)

35
Q

Which opioid has the biggest/most side effects?

A

Morphine

36
Q

Agonist vs. Antagonist

A

Agonist - binds to receptors, elicits response
Antagonist - blocks receptor, blocks response

37
Q

What is the main use of opioids?

A

Relieve pain

38
Q

What are two uses of opioids other than pain relief?

A
  • Cough suppression
  • Antidiarrheal
39
Q

Can opioids work with anesthetics to achieve balanced anesthesia?

A

Yes

40
Q

Should opioids be used if someone has asthma or respiratory insufficiency?

A

No

41
Q

What happens when a woman with an addiction to opioids has a baby?

A

The baby will also be addicted to opioids

42
Q

Should opioids be used if someone has elevated intracranial pressure?

A

No

43
Q

What type of drug did someone take if their pupils are dilated?

A

Stimulus

44
Q

What type of drug did someone take if their pupils are constricted?

A

Depressent (opioid)

45
Q

What are 4 common side effects of opioids?

A
  • Euphoria
  • Nausea and Vomiting
  • Respiratory depression
  • Pupillary constriction
46
Q

Can you die from alcohol withdrawal?

A

Yes

47
Q

Can you die from opioid withdrawal?

A

No

48
Q

What is the most important vital sign to monitor when a patient is taking opioids?

A

Respiratory status

49
Q

What is the best opioid for chest pain?

A

Morphine

50
Q

What’s the best drug route to take for the longest-lasting effects?

A

Subcutaneous

51
Q

Which opioid gets converted to morphine in the body?

A

Codeine

52
Q

What differentiates the Tylenols?

A

Amount of codeine

53
Q

How much codeine in Tylenol 1?

A

8mg

54
Q

How much codeine in Tylenol 2?

A

15mg

55
Q

How much codeine in Tylenol 3?

A

30mg

56
Q

How much codeine in Tylenol 4?

A

60mg

57
Q

With what disease are people not allowed to have acetaminophen (tylenol)?

A

Liver disease

58
Q

What is the maximum dose for acetaminophen?

A

4000mg/24h

58
Q

What is the antidote for Tylenol overdose?

A

Acetylcysteine

59
Q

What are the three types of anesthetics?

A
  • Local
  • Regional
  • General
60
Q

What is the advantage of regional and local anesthesia?

A

No CNS affected

61
Q

Where are epidurals injected?

A

Outside the spine

62
Q

Where are intrathecals injected?

A

Inside the spine

63
Q

Where are infiltrations injected?

A

In procedure spot

64
Q

Where are nerve blocks injected?

A

Around a specific nerve

65
Q

What is an important requirement for neuromuscular anesthetics?

A

Mechanical ventilation

66
Q

What type of effect do benzodiazepines have?

A

Sedative and hypnosis

67
Q

What is the ending of benzo medications?

A

“Pam”

68
Q

What medical conditions are barbituates used for?

A

Seizures

69
Q

What is the antidote for barbiturate overdose?

A

There is none, you’re put under and the body has the clear it

70
Q

Can you overdose on benzodiazepines?

A

No

71
Q

What are the three intermediate-acting benzodiazepines?

A
  • Alprazolam
  • Clonazepam
  • Oxazepam
72
Q

What are 4 big effects of benzodiazepines?

A
  • Sedation
  • Skeletal muscle relaxation
  • Decreased epilepsy activity
  • Treatment of alcohol withdrawal
73
Q

How much time do you wait before administering a benzo before sleep time for standard absorption?

A

15 - 30 mins

74
Q

What do you never mix with benzos?

A

Alcohol

75
Q

What are the two major muscle relaxants?

A

Baclofen
Flexeril

76
Q

What are the three big CNS stimulants?

A
  • Caffeine
  • Dextroamphetamine
  • Methylphenidate
77
Q

What is dextroamphetamine used to treat?

A

ADHD

78
Q

What condition prevents people from taking CNS stimulants?

A

Seizures

79
Q

What is the main drug given for Parkinson’s?

A

Levopoda

80
Q

What does levopoda essentially do?

A

Replace the dopamine that the substantia nigra is not producing

81
Q
A

Patho-Pharm Year 1 (5 decks)

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